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Geography Flashcards

1
Q

what is development

A

development is the standard of living and the quality of like in a country

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2
Q

what are the signs of a developed country

A

multicultural, modern buildings, nice cars, lots of buildings, tarmac roads

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3
Q

what are signs of an undeveloped country

A

mud huts, mud roads, older clothes, small buildings, dirty

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4
Q

what is a HIC

A

high income country (over $12,700 anually)

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5
Q

what is a MIC

A

middle income country

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6
Q

what is a LIC

A

low income country (less than $1045 annually)

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7
Q

what is a NEE

A

newly emerging economy

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8
Q

how can you measure development

A

life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, birth rate, GNI per capita (how much each person earns), fertility rate

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9
Q

what is the human development index ( HDI )

A

a score that gives each country a score between 1 and 0, the closer to 1, the more developed

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10
Q

what does a high life expectancy say about a country

A

it shows that it is a HIC, because people live for longer, which mean the country has money to spend on thing like healthcare and good diets

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11
Q

why do HIC’s have a low birth rate

A

because they don’t need lots of children hoping only one will survive

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12
Q

why do HIC’S have a low infant mortality

A

because the kids have good healthcare and are well looked after

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13
Q

why do HIC’s have a low fertility rate

A

because they have contraceptives, because they don’t need lots of children hoping only one will survive

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14
Q

why do HIC’s have a high GNI per capita

A

people have higher paying jobs, and the work in tertiary and quaternary jobs

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15
Q

what are primary jobs

A

jobs that involve getting raw materials, such as farming and fishing

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16
Q

what are secondary jobs

A

jobs that involve making things, such as carpenter

17
Q

what are tertiary jobs

A

jobs that provide a service, such as teaching and nursing

18
Q

what are quaternary jobs

A

jobs that include technology

19
Q

what is the development gap

A

the gap between the difference in standards of living and wellbeing

20
Q

how can goats help a LIC country?

A

meat, milk, cheese, skins, entertainment for kids, manure for soil

21
Q

what is a bottom up development scheme

A

a scheme where experts figure out what a poor community needs, and provides it, such as goats

22
Q

what layers does the earth have

A

crust, mantle, outer core and inner core

23
Q

what are the two types of crust

A

continental and oceanic

24
Q

what is the difference between continental and oceanic crust

A

oceanic is more dense, but only 5 - 10 km thick, whereas the continental crust is up to 70km thick

25
Q

what is a convection current

A

a heat cycle that happens in tectonic plates

26
Q

what is a constructive plate boundary

A

where two plates pull apart, creating a gap where magma can the flow onto the surface.

27
Q

what is a destructive plate boundary

A

where the oceanic crust collides with the continental crust, and the oceanic crust is pushed under the continental crust. this pushes lava up creating a volcano.

28
Q

what is a conservative plate boundary

A

where two plates are stuck because of friction, so pressure builds up overtime and they eventually slip past each other, causing a huge earthquake

29
Q

what is the focus in an earthquake

A

the centre point, where the earthquake originates

30
Q

what is the epicentre

A

the piece of land that’s directly above the focus

31
Q

what is a seismic wave

A

waves of energy created by the earthquake

32
Q

what are earthquakes measured in

A

magnitude, on the magnitude scale

33
Q

what are the two types of volcano

A

composite and shield

34
Q

what are the factors of a composite volcano

A

steep, erupts in an explosive way because the magma is sticky and clogs up the exit, so then pressure builds and eventually blows

35
Q

wat are the factors of a shield volcano

A

bowl or shield shaped, lava is very runny and travels very far, they aren’t explosive

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