Geography Flashcards
what is development
development is the standard of living and the quality of like in a country
what are the signs of a developed country
multicultural, modern buildings, nice cars, lots of buildings, tarmac roads
what are signs of an undeveloped country
mud huts, mud roads, older clothes, small buildings, dirty
what is a HIC
high income country (over $12,700 anually)
what is a MIC
middle income country
what is a LIC
low income country (less than $1045 annually)
what is a NEE
newly emerging economy
how can you measure development
life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, birth rate, GNI per capita (how much each person earns), fertility rate
what is the human development index ( HDI )
a score that gives each country a score between 1 and 0, the closer to 1, the more developed
what does a high life expectancy say about a country
it shows that it is a HIC, because people live for longer, which mean the country has money to spend on thing like healthcare and good diets
why do HIC’s have a low birth rate
because they don’t need lots of children hoping only one will survive
why do HIC’S have a low infant mortality
because the kids have good healthcare and are well looked after
why do HIC’s have a low fertility rate
because they have contraceptives, because they don’t need lots of children hoping only one will survive
why do HIC’s have a high GNI per capita
people have higher paying jobs, and the work in tertiary and quaternary jobs
what are primary jobs
jobs that involve getting raw materials, such as farming and fishing
what are secondary jobs
jobs that involve making things, such as carpenter
what are tertiary jobs
jobs that provide a service, such as teaching and nursing
what are quaternary jobs
jobs that include technology
what is the development gap
the gap between the difference in standards of living and wellbeing
how can goats help a LIC country?
meat, milk, cheese, skins, entertainment for kids, manure for soil
what is a bottom up development scheme
a scheme where experts figure out what a poor community needs, and provides it, such as goats
what layers does the earth have
crust, mantle, outer core and inner core
what are the two types of crust
continental and oceanic
what is the difference between continental and oceanic crust
oceanic is more dense, but only 5 - 10 km thick, whereas the continental crust is up to 70km thick
what is a convection current
a heat cycle that happens in tectonic plates
what is a constructive plate boundary
where two plates pull apart, creating a gap where magma can the flow onto the surface.
what is a destructive plate boundary
where the oceanic crust collides with the continental crust, and the oceanic crust is pushed under the continental crust. this pushes lava up creating a volcano.
what is a conservative plate boundary
where two plates are stuck because of friction, so pressure builds up overtime and they eventually slip past each other, causing a huge earthquake
what is the focus in an earthquake
the centre point, where the earthquake originates
what is the epicentre
the piece of land that’s directly above the focus
what is a seismic wave
waves of energy created by the earthquake
what are earthquakes measured in
magnitude, on the magnitude scale
what are the two types of volcano
composite and shield
what are the factors of a composite volcano
steep, erupts in an explosive way because the magma is sticky and clogs up the exit, so then pressure builds and eventually blows
wat are the factors of a shield volcano
bowl or shield shaped, lava is very runny and travels very far, they aren’t explosive
