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Gs1 > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of swadeshi movement

A
  1. Couldnt achieve the mass mobilization of Gandhi. Elite nature of moderates
  2. Cutural discourse had a hindu revivalist vocabulary - Prayers, bathing in temple pond and taking vows
  3. Techniques of boycott alienated poor. Only rich could afford to set up swadeshi enterprises. Indigenous goods = expensive
  4. Surat split
  5. muslim revivavilst trend - nawab sallimulah of deccan
  6. Grievances of muslim peasentary
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2
Q

What are the international events that led to the growth of miiltant nationalism

A
  1. Japan - industrial power
  2. Ethiopia victory over Italy
  3. Boers war - british reverses
  4. Japans victory over Russia
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3
Q

Revolutionary activities before ww 1

A
  1. anushilan samiti
  2. Yugantar weekly within their inner circles
  3. Prafulla chaki and kudhiram boss - judge Kingsford- 2 ladies died
  4. Whole anushilan group arrested in alipore conspiracy case
  5. Rashberi boss and sachin sanyal - bom at viceroy hardinge ( delhi conspiracy)
  6. Jatin das of jugantar ( west anushilan samiti) zimmeran plot during ww1
  7. Ramosi peasnt force - vasudev balwant phadke
    8 chapekar brother rand
    9 mitra mela savarkar
  8. Anand lakshman kanhere - AMT JACKSON
  9. MAdan lal dingra - curzon wylie
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4
Q

How railways brought economic prosperity to India

A
  1. New market - never to 1/4rth of britains wheat imports
  2. Fuel - coal
  3. Cost efficiency In other - handloom - cheap yarn from Lancashire
  4. Recent evidence - intensity of famine dec
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5
Q

Railway ruined

A
  1. Hitherto untouched rural areas- market + cheap export of their raw materials
  2. British capital, foreign employees- wealth drain
  3. Wagon, engine, steel - all imported
  4. Destruction of local industries - mass produced cheap goods
  5. Regional imbalance- focused in resource rich region

Economy remained Primarily agrarian. Gv joshi- as an Indian subsidy to British industries”.

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6
Q

Achievement of moderates

A
  1. Beginning 🏓- lightning conductor
  2. Reforms of 1892
  3. Economic reality -rc dutt,, welby commission - gk, indian drain
  4. newspapers - voice of India, bimbay chronicle
  5. Uk house of commons
  6. Support of brits - East India association
  7. Used council platform for ed.
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7
Q

Failure of moderate

A
  1. 3p
  2. Fell for the carrots
  3. lost touch of youth
  4. providential mission
  5. Until 1909 90% hindus
  6. Against labor reforms and factory act
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8
Q

Reasons for tribal movement

A
  1. Land alienation - pahariya - damin kol
  2. Practices - manjhi - santhal , suppression of human sacrifice - kond
  3. Outsiders - dikus- munda, santhal
  4. Inner samskritisation - tana bhagat movement - alcohol and meat eating of oraon tribes
  5. Freedom - rani gaidinliu
  6. Forest produce - Alluri sitaramaraju - Rampa rebellion - against madras forest act which banned the podu system
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9
Q

Nature of leadership of tribal and peasnat movements b4 1858

A
  1. Local leadership
  2. Aware of ethicnic - dhangar kond - larka
  3. God - sindhu and kanhu
  4. Legal
  5. Religious - fairaizi -titu mir
  6. Communal harmony - musa shah + bhawani pathak
  7. Gureilla tactics - bhil uprising
  8. Previously soldiers - poligar
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10
Q

Tribal movt after independent

A
  1. Dev- munda, santhal - our land our minerals
  2. Economic deprivation - mahars in andhra
  3. Peasnat - naxal bhari
  4. Forest alienation - jharkhand
  5. Indentity - bodo and naga
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11
Q

Politics of 18th century

A
  1. Decentralization- hyd, awadh
    2.military fiscalism - chauth and sardeshmukhi
  2. All relegion - raja jai singh —> pm muslim
  3. Understood british design - alivardhi khan - bees
    5 merchant participate- jagath seth
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12
Q

Role played by press

A
  1. Library movements
  2. Each movt - comon wheel
  3. Social Upliftment- malabari INDIAN SPECTATOR and SOMPRAKASH ICV
  4. Only weapon of moderates
  5. international happenings
  6. Popularized the idea of brain drain- ex- VOICE OF INDIA BY DDN
  7. mobilising Indians - Gadr
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13
Q

Means used by reformers of 18th century

A
  1. Press - miratul akbar
  2. Petitioning - sati abolish, widow remarriage act, age of consent act
  3. Edn institutions- jyothiba phule first girls school in Pune
  4. Org - prathana sabaha
  5. Rationally interepreting religious text- rrr upanishads to Bangla - monotheism
  6. Act what you preach - icw son married a widow
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14
Q

Diversity weakened india

A
  1. Swadeshi hindu, communal electorates
  2. Class - deccan revolt
  3. Educated, uneducated
  4. Caste - ambedkar supported the Simon commission
  5. Princely states - except baroda
  6. Ideologies - extremists vs moderates
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15
Q

Circumstances that led to the rise of left ideology

A
  1. Post ww years- evils of imperilistic capital domination
  2. Ussr
  3. Failed ncm - questioned lack of socioeconomic dimension
  4. Leader - mn roy, Nehru, Gandhi
  5. Literature - dange - lenin vs Gandhi , Ghulam Hussain - Inquilab
  6. Congress of opressed nationalities in 1927 was attended by socialist leaders in india including Nehru - affirmed their conviction in left ideology
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16
Q

Effect of left ideology on Inc

A

1..1920- aituc
2. India independence league
3. Karachi session - political freedom no meaning without economic freedom of millions
4 . Land reforms and rural development -1936 - faizpur session- agrarian prog
5. Congress min - 1937- flip to trade union - bombay industrial disputes act 1938
6. Congress socialist party - 1934

Issues
1. Lack of clear political ideology
Ex- Nehru ( Gandhian non violence) vs Subhash ( millatry )

  1. Infighting - communist party vs congress socialist party
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17
Q

Differentiate QIM from others

A
  1. 2nd line of leaders
  2. No agrarian dimension like the other 2
  3. Do Or die vs satygraha
  4. Sporadic vs institutionalized
  5. Muslims
  6. Objective less ambiguous
  7. Qim - massive uprising, other 2 - peaceful campaign methods
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18
Q

Point of convergence of wardha and shantiniketan

A
  1. Mother tongue
  2. Not just skilled labor, holistic dev
  3. Ashramic principle
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19
Q

Good thing about maclauy

A
  1. Codified
  2. Merit system in civil service
  3. Western edn, science
  4. Advocated rule of law, liberty of press
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20
Q

Ina contributions to india

A
  1. Only biggest threat during 2 nd ww
  2. South East Asian diaspora
  3. British realized no longer
  4. Successful burma campaign and reached manipur
  5. Lakshmi sehgal
  6. Ina red fort trials
  7. Rin mutiny

Cabinet mission plan send

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21
Q

Why nationalozattion of banks success

A
  1. public confidence - more usage
  2. Domestic savings doubled
  3. Psl
  4. Rural areas
  5. Rbi better control
  6. Monetary policy transmission
  7. P chidambaram - we recovered from 2008 crisis bcoz of
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22
Q

Negative impact of nationalozation

A
  1. Narasimhan committee - weak mgmt
  2. Npa
  3. Budget support, public pocket
  4. Political interference
  5. Waiviers, recapitalization cycle
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23
Q

British policies and agrarian life

A
  1. Agricultural colony. Charter act of 1813
  2. Deteriorating productivity- permanent settlement- lost paternalistic attitude
  3. Revenue in cash - forced to grow cash crops - food security
  4. Overcrowding
  5. Land- saleable, alienable, mortgageable- eventually European settlers
  6. War time misery- revenue demand reamined same while ration for soldiers
  7. Money lender
  8. Improper assessment of revenue - madras torture commission - mahalwari revenue 45-55% higher than required
24
Q

How did education affect society and politics in india

A

SOCIETY

  1. Enlightened ideas
  2. Caste- jyothibha phule
  3. Polarized society at times
  4. Emancipation of women- kadambini, Bethune

POLITICS
1. Economic policies
2. Weaponisation of education - British Cunningham circular in Assam during civil disobedience , national education council during swadeshi
3. Communication of needs
4. Common language brought Indian politicians from across the country together
3.

25
Q

Explain the economic impact of British rule in india

A

Intro about transformation to colonial economy which was shaped by CA of 1813, land revenue system and incessant pursuit of British i interests

  1. One way free trade
  2. Deindustrialisation not coupled with rise of modern industries
    Ex. Protoindustrilized Bengal
  3. Ruralisation- agri
  4. Land revenue- madras torture commission report
  5. Cash crops
  6. Late industilIsation+ ignored heavy+ regional disparities
  7. Railways- Indian subsidy to Bristish industries

23% of worlds economy in the beginning of 18th century to 3%

Sasi taroor - inglorious empire - imperial exploitation and plunder are deeply documented to be challengable

26
Q

Discuss the causes of decline of Mughal empire

A

Intro - 1707 aurangazeb . Satish Chandra - not just as decline but a DISTINCT CHRONOLOGICAL WHOLE

  1. Aurangazebs Deccan ulcer ( historian JN Sarkar )
  2. Failure of statesmanship- rangeela peacefully for 30yrs
  3. Degenerate nobility- sayyid bros
  4. Lack of fixed rule of succession- partisanship over patriotism
  5. Too few jagirs and many Mansabdhars
  6. Releigous policy of aurangazeb - jats , sikhs,
  7. Invasion by Irani and Durrani kingdom coupled with deterioration of the army
27
Q

Salient features of India’s peasant struggle

A
  1. Localised cause to nationalised cause - Pabna to bardoli ( pivotal on cdm)
  2. Support of intelligentsia- indigo ( din Bandhu Mitra), ranade during pabna
  3. Congress Integrated as a central issue in national move - 1937 faizpur session
  4. British legislation’s especially when the causes were local- ex. Bengal tenancy act 1885, deccan agriculturist relief act
  5. Suppression when integrated with national movement
  6. Hindu - Muslim unity —-> indigo revolt to mappila revolt
28
Q

Indian women torchbearers of Indian freedom struggle

A

Spirit of Bharathmata .. right in the beginning, Rani Laxmi bai, begun Hazrat mahal,

  1. Women organisations- ladies social conference by Rama bhai ranade
  2. Women edn - savitribhai phule ( India’s first teacher), work of arya Mahila samaj ( ramabhai Saraswathi) —-> intro of medical education for women in lady dufferein colleges
  3. Gandhian movement
    NCM - bi Amman, Basanti Devi arrest
    CDM - Sarojini Naidu ( darashana satyagraha ), Rani gaidniliu
    Qi - Aruna asaf ali ( underground movement), Sucheta Kripalani ( coordinated non violent resistance) , kanakalata barua, matangini Hazara - martyred
  4. Revolutionary move
    Nonibala devi - jugantar party, pritatlata waddedar - surya sens army
  5. Foreign land - bikaji cama flag in stuttgart
29
Q

Foreigners who worked for Indian cause

A
  1. Congress - ao Hume ( 22 years), George Yule, William wedderburn, Henry cotton, Henry cotton fierce criticism of lord curzon
  2. Annie Beasant - institution building ( home rule league, central Hindu college , pride ( theosophical society)
  3. Missionaries - Charles freer andrews - took Gandhi to 2nd RTC
  4. Edn - sister Nivedita - girls school, lectures on Indian culture
  5. Scholars who enlightened Indians about various facets of Indian society- verrier Elwin
  6. India’s voice abroad
    Madeline stead - arrested during cdm -Europe and America
    BG Horniman- Jallianwala massacre
30
Q

Political awakening of 19th century

A
  1. Preempt moderate politics- 3 P of Poona sarvajanik sabha
  2. Rulers about issues- British india asso and charter of 1853
  3. Political consciousness- Bombay presidency association
  4. Mass campaigns- Indian association of Calcutta against reducing maximum age of civil service
  5. Galvanise intl support - DBN east India association
  6. National level conference - IAB - 1883 and 1885
31
Q

Did SRM lead to emanicipation of women

A

Yes
1. Awareness - mirat ul Akbar - sati
2. Leg - widow remarriage act , 1856
3. Helping women in crisis
BM MALABARI SEVA SADAN
JYOTHIBA PHULE - home for mothers to leave newborn for adoption

  1. Instn building -
    Dk Karve
    Jed Bethune
  2. Rich literature - bahubivah against polygamy
  3. Women led org - Bharath Shree mahamandal by Sarada devi
32
Q

Issues in women emancipation of SRM

A
  1. Backlash from orthodox
    Dharmasabha BY RADHAKANT DEB - which opposed even abolition of sati
  2. Fear of backlash from society
    Ex: widow remarriage
  3. Upper class, elite
  4. Opposition from mainstream leaders like BGT regarding age of consent act
  5. Leadership failure - KC - raja of coach behar
33
Q

Progressive things brought about by SRM - 7 points

A
  1. Women
  2. Caste - self respect most of Periyar, Mahad satyagraha by ambedhkahr
  3. Monopoly of priestly class to interpret religious text - ex: RRR translated upanishads to Bangla to show that ancient texts vouched for monotheism
  4. Promoted rationality and logical thinking - Ex: LIBRARY MOVT OF PARAMHANSA MANDLI
  5. Instn building: DK KARVE and malabari
  6. Cultural roots to Indians - Ramakrishna mission
  7. Boost psychological - theosophical movt
  8. Education- jyoyhinpbhai and swami
  9. Political consciousness - young Bengal movement
34
Q

General issues with SRM - 7 points

A
  1. Narrow social base
  2. Mainly focused on religious and philosophical ascpect - disregard arts, music , science
  3. Overeliance on scriptures- pseudo science
  4. Mysticism - ahmadiya movt
  5. Compartmentalisation
  6. Communalism - reconversion ceremony of arya samaj
  7. One lens - Hindus reformers praised ancient India and looked upon medieval India as period of decadance
35
Q

How British policies towards India changed after 1857; keywords

A
  1. Policy of annexation and expansion vs policy of paramountcy
  2. Eic
  3. Civilising mission
  4. Hindu Muslim common subject vs divide and rule
  5. Rule india from top vs police, ics etc
36
Q

Hindu Muslim unity during 1857

A

Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad - 2 things standout remarkably Hindu Muslim unity and undivided loyalty to Mughal crown

  1. Common triggers - cow and pig fat in cartridges
  2. Equal grievances - like feeling discriminated by the lexi loci act
  3. Mughal as the common head. - Bahadur shah
  4. Leadership from all religion- nanasaheb, Bakht khan
  5. Leader aided by people from all religion - ex: nana saheb had azimmullah, laxmibhai afghan soldiers
  6. Short success- muslim won - immediate ban on cow slaughter
37
Q

Yes, war of 1857 first war of independence

A

VD savarkar- lofty ideals of self rule by Indians

SN Sen - started as a fight for religion, ended as war for independence

SB CHAUDHARY - difficult to find a parallel to this gigantic anti foreign combine in which people of many classes and many provinces participated

38
Q

No, 1857 was not first war of independence

A
  1. 1/4th of area , 1/10 th of population
  2. Tara Chand - leaders and followers had personal loyalties rather that loyalty to mother land
  3. Jn Nehru in discovery of india—-> feudalistic uprising with nationalistic elements

Easily dismiss western scholars - religious fanatics against christianity

39
Q

Sepoy revolts before 1857;

A
  1. Vellore mutiny of 1806- dress code
  2. Revolt of grenadier company of Assam
  3. Revolt of Indian regiment in Sholapur 1834
40
Q

Why did revolutionary movt like the ones of Bhagat Singh failed

A
  1. Failed to reach the masses -
  2. Underestimated - underprepared org, financially, strategically
  3. Overestimated the revolutionary zeal of masses
  4. No second line of leaders after Bhagat. Bismil
41
Q

But revolutionaries didn’t completely fail

A
  1. Socialism - exploitation of the masses
  2. Hindu Muslim unity - surya Sen, Punjab naujawan sabha
  3. Secularism - I have only one relegion and that is to serve my country
  4. Court room - propaganda
  5. Successful exploits - Chittagong raid of surya sens army
  6. Fired the imagination of youth
  7. Broke gender stereotypes - pritalata waddekar
42
Q

Moderates vs extremists - difference keywords

A
  1. Social base
  2. Ideological inspirations
  3. Providential mission
  4. Loyalty to crown
  5. Connections with British
  6. Constitutional methods vs extra
  7. Masses vs intelligentsia
  8. Compradore
43
Q

Contrast between scb and Gandhi

A
  1. Western socialism
  2. Relegion a pvt matter
  3. Centralised govt
  4. Means vs end
  5. Samyavada
  6. Economic planning
  7. Caste
  8. Women
  9. Military
  10. technical and scientific edn vs nai talim
44
Q

Gandhi vs Ambedkar

A
  1. Wrested vs bestowed
  2. Parliamentary democracy
  3. Law breaking
  4. Separation of relegion and state
  5. Indian unity
  6. villages
  7. Machines
  8. Vernacular vs English
45
Q

Battle of Plassey and Buxar years

A

1757

1764

46
Q

Battle of Plassey led the foundation of British rule in india

A

1757
Siraj ud daula vs Robert Clive ( Mir Jaffar, Jagat Seth , mini Chand )

  1. 24 paraganas
  2. Stopped importing bullions
  3. French
  4. Acumen of river Clive - paved way for SA
  5. Understood the fickle mindedness- pitting one ruler against another
  6. Eic - economic to political — systemic corruption and economic loot
  7. Hatred — black hole tragedy
47
Q

Name’s to remember for battle of Buxar

A

Mir Qasim vs hector Munro,
Shuja I’d daula
Shah Allam 2

48
Q

Battle of Buxar final nail

A
  1. Treaty of Allahabad- Mughal ruler rubber stamp
  2. Shuja- submissive ally
  3. Diwani rts of BBO
  4. Dual rule - revenue and administration ( deputy nizam )
49
Q

Introduction for Indian railways

A

Started in 1853 by 1910 4th largest railway network

50
Q

Swadeshi movement was an all encompassing movement

A

August 7, 1905, in the backdrop of partitioning of Bengal
Boycot of foreign goods, but beyond that

  1. Revival of superiority of Indian culture - Shivaji, Ganapathi
  2. education - national edn council
  3. Industries - soaps, tanneries, shipping company by chidamabaram Pillai
  4. Science - JC Bose, pc ray- Bengal chemical factory
  5. Arts -Bengal school of art- bharathmata by abhinandranth Tagore,
  6. Songs- Ekla chalo re, Amar Sona bangla

In commemoration of this - national handlooms day .

51
Q

What propelled communal politics in india

A
  1. Divide and rule - 1857
  2. Middle class quest for jobs and benifits
  3. Historic narrative biased - James mill
  4. Swadeshi movt - Hindu revivalist narrative
  5. British policies -waves plan, confusions regarding cabinet mission
52
Q

Lord Lytton psycho

A
  1. Statutory civil service commission- 1/6th of covenanted post
  2. Famine - imperial durbar of 1877
  3. Vernacular press act q1878
  4. Arms act
  5. Second afghan war - policy of proud reserves
53
Q

How come British more successful than other colonising power wrt india

A
  1. Administrative
    - centralized with proper hierarchy
  2. Millitary prowess with focus on territorial expansion initially
    - Robert Clive, hector Munro
  3. Technology- more control of the population
    - telegraph, rail
  4. Economic
    - viewed india as a strategic asset rather than just a trading post - exploited vast amount of economic resource
  5. Social and cultural engineering
    - education system
    - western culture
  6. Vast swathes of land
    - others just pockets
54
Q

Gandhis experiments in South Africa

A

20 years

  1. Natal Indian congress
  2. Indian opinion newspaper
  3. Mass struggle - against registration certificates, unfair poll tax
  4. Tolstoy farm and Phoenix farm- community living, importance of manual work
  5. Satyagraha and non violence - invalidation of Indian marriages, Transvaal immigration act
55
Q

Lord rippon

A
  1. Illberts bill
  2. Political importance of Indian middle class
  3. Simultaneous exam in india
  4. Factories act
  5. Repealed vernacular press act, eased arms
  6. Local self government
  7. Hunter commission

Gs1 (4 decks)

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