Historical Unit 3 Figures + Ideas

Question 1

Black Panthers

Answer 1

A black organisation (1966-82) that did some useful community work (e.g., education, provision of food), but aroused white hostility by challenging police brutality. That led to the police,
FBI and Nixon administration targeting the Black Panthers, which, ni combination with internal divisions and criminal activities, led to the group’s decline in the 1970s.

Question 2

Black Power Movement

Answer 2

Black Power is al controversial term with different meanings such as
black pride, black economic self-sufficiency, black violence, black separatism, black nationalism, black
political power, black working-class revolution and black domination. The Black Power ‘movement’ was
never coordinated. It peaked in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Question 3

Filibusters

Answer 3

Procedure whereby the minority party ni Congress can slow down proceedings os as ot stop legislation being enacted.

Question 3

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 3

Ablack civil rights organisation set up ni the 1940s with mostly student members. CORE played an important role in the sit-ins and the Freedom Rides, but grew disillusioned with the slow rate of progress and became more militant for a brief period in the late 1960s.

Question 4

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 4

Segregationist practices enforceable by law, introduced ni the Southern states in the late 19th century.

Question 5

Freedom Rides

Answer 5

nI 1961, civil rights activists, mostly members of CORE and SNCC, travelled across the South on interstate buses to demonstrate that Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate transportation were being ignored. The consequent publicity encouraged Attorney General Robert Kennedy ot try ot enforce the rulings.

Question 6

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 6

Long-lasting and effective organisation established ni the early twentieth century to promote greater black equality.

Question 7

Nation Of Islam (NOI)

Answer 7

Ablack nationalist/separatist religious group, set up in 1930.

Question 8

New Deal

Answer 8

President Franklin Roosevelt’s programme ot bring the USA out of the economic depression.

Question 9

Reconstruction

Answer 9

The process of rebuilding and
reforming the 1 ex-Confederate states and restoring them to the Union. Reconstruction occurred in two
main stages: Presidential Reconstruction, then Congressional ro Radical Reconstruction.

Question 10

Sit-ins

Answer 10

These were protests against segregated facilities. They did not get much publicity until the sit- ins in 1960 ni Greensboro, North Carolina, stimulated sit-ins across the South. Many of the black students involved belonged to CORE, while SNCC developed from the sit-ins of 1960. These protests led to the desegregation of many eating places.

Question 11

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 11

Student activist organisation established after the sit-ins of 1960. SNCC students participated ni the Freedom Rides ni 1961, but preferred towork at grassroots level, where their most notable achievement was promoting black voter registration
ni the Mississippi Delta. Disillusioned by the lack of federal protection during their Mississippi Freedom Summer (1964), which aimed at the political liberation of the local black population, the SNCC became
more radical. The radicalism increased under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael (from 1966). After an abortive amalgamation with the Black Panthers, the SNCC quickly sank into irrelevance.