Historical Overview/Today's Overview Flashcards
Who is considered to be the first American psychiatric nurse?
Linda Richards
What did the National Mental Health Act do?
Provided funds for the education of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses
What is the definition of mental health?
The successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
What is the definition of mental illness?
Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individual’s social, occupational, or physical functioning
What is incomprehensibility?
The inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior
What is cultural relativity?
The “normality” of behavior is determined by the culture.
What is Hans Selye’s definition of stress?
The non-specific response of the body to any demand for change
What is the definition of adaptation?
Restoration of homeostasis to the internal environmental system
What is Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm reaction stage
Stage of resistance
Stage of exhaustion
What is the fight or flight syndrome?
Initial stress response (sympathetic nervous system)
Sustained stress response
What is a primary appraisal?
A judgment about the situation in one of the following ways:
- Irrelevant
- Benign-positive
- Stress appraisal
What is a secondary appraisal?
An assessment of skills, resources, and knowledge that the person possesses to deal with the situation.
What is a benign-positive appraisal?
An instance where one’s appraisal of an event leads to positive beliefs. These positive beliefs actually enhance positive feelings and/or functioning
What is adaptation determined by?
The extent to which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individual’s functioning.
What is anxiety?
A diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness
What are Peplau’s 4 levels of anxiety?
Mild - seldom a problem
Moderate - perceptual fields diminish
Severe - perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details
Panic - the most intense
What are behavior adaptation responses to mild anxiety?
Sleeping Yawning Eating Drinking Physical exercise Daydreaming Smoking Laughing Crying Cursing Pacing Nail biting Foot swinging Finger tapping Fidgeting Talking to someone with whom one feels comfortable
What is compensation?
Covering up a weakness by emphasizing a trait more desirable
What is denial?
Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a situation/feelings associated
What is displacement?
Transfer of feelings from one target to another that is less threatening
Ex: client angry with physician verbally abuses the nurse
What is identification?
An attempt to increase elf-worth by acquiring certain characteristics of a individual that one admires
What is intellectualization?
An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with stress by using logic, reasoning, and analysis
What is introjection?
Integrating the beliefs and values of another into one’s own ego structure
Ex: children integrating their parents’ value systems
What is isolation?
Separating a thought or memory from the feeling, tone or emotion associated
Ex: describing an attack without showing emotion
What is projection?
Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person
What is rationalization?
Attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
What is reaction formation?
Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts
What is regression?
Retreating in response to stress to an earlier level of development
What is repression?
Involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings
What is sublimation?
Rechanneling of drives or impulses that are unacceptable into activities that are constructive
What is suppression?
Voluntarily blocking of unpleasant feelings
What is undoing?
Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable
