Historical Overview/Today's Overview

Question 1

Who is considered to be the first American psychiatric nurse?

Answer 1

Linda Richards

Question 2

What did the National Mental Health Act do?

Answer 2

Provided funds for the education of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses

Question 3

What is the definition of mental health?

Answer 3

The successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms

Question 4

What is the definition of mental illness?

Answer 4

Maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms and interfere with the individual’s social, occupational, or physical functioning

Question 5

What is incomprehensibility?

Answer 5

The inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior

Question 6

What is cultural relativity?

Answer 6

The “normality” of behavior is determined by the culture.

Question 7

What is Hans Selye’s definition of stress?

Answer 7

The non-specific response of the body to any demand for change

Question 8

What is the definition of adaptation?

Answer 8

Restoration of homeostasis to the internal environmental system

Question 9

What is Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 9

Alarm reaction stage
Stage of resistance
Stage of exhaustion

Question 10

What is the fight or flight syndrome?

Answer 10

Initial stress response (sympathetic nervous system)

Sustained stress response

Question 11

What is a primary appraisal?

Answer 11

A judgment about the situation in one of the following ways:

• Irrelevant
• Benign-positive
• Stress appraisal

Question 12

What is a secondary appraisal?

Answer 12

An assessment of skills, resources, and knowledge that the person possesses to deal with the situation.

Question 13

What is a benign-positive appraisal?

Answer 13

An instance where one’s appraisal of an event leads to positive beliefs. These positive beliefs actually enhance positive feelings and/or functioning

Question 14

What is adaptation determined by?

Answer 14

The extent to which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individual’s functioning.

Question 15

What is anxiety?

Answer 15

A diffuse apprehension that is vague in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness

Question 16

What are Peplau’s 4 levels of anxiety?

Answer 16

Mild - seldom a problem
Moderate - perceptual fields diminish
Severe - perceptual field is so diminished that concentration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details
Panic - the most intense

Question 17

What are behavior adaptation responses to mild anxiety?

Answer 17

Sleeping
Yawning
Eating
Drinking
Physical exercise
Daydreaming
Smoking
Laughing
Crying
Cursing
Pacing
Nail biting
Foot swinging
Finger tapping
Fidgeting
Talking to someone with whom one feels comfortable

Question 18

What is compensation?

Answer 18

Covering up a weakness by emphasizing a trait more desirable

Question 19

What is denial?

Answer 19

Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a situation/feelings associated

Question 20

What is displacement?

Answer 20

Transfer of feelings from one target to another that is less threatening
Ex: client angry with physician verbally abuses the nurse

Question 21

What is identification?

Answer 21

An attempt to increase elf-worth by acquiring certain characteristics of a individual that one admires

Question 22

What is intellectualization?

Answer 22

An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with stress by using logic, reasoning, and analysis

Question 23

What is introjection?

Answer 23

Integrating the beliefs and values of another into one’s own ego structure
Ex: children integrating their parents’ value systems

Question 24

What is isolation?

Answer 24

Separating a thought or memory from the feeling, tone or emotion associated
Ex: describing an attack without showing emotion

Question 25

What is projection?

Answer 25

Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person

Question 26

What is rationalization?

Answer 26

Attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors

Question 27

What is reaction formation?

Answer 27

Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts

Question 28

What is regression?

Answer 28

Retreating in response to stress to an earlier level of development

Question 29

What is repression?

Answer 29

Involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings

Question 30

What is sublimation?

Answer 30

Rechanneling of drives or impulses that are unacceptable into activities that are constructive

Question 31

What is suppression?

Answer 31

Voluntarily blocking of unpleasant feelings

Question 32

What is undoing?

Answer 32

Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable