Historical and Morphology Flashcards
What is Yersinia pestis and what colour does it stain
The cause of the plague, stains pink
Gram-positive stain stains _______ in colour, these organisms have a _____ peptidoglycan layer ________ of the cell membrane and _________
dark purple
Thick
Outside
No other layer beyond this
Gram-negative stain stains _______ in colour, these organisms have a _____ peptidoglycan layer in the ________ and _________
light pink
Thinner
Cell Wall
Have an additional outer layer containing lipopolysaccharides
What was the milestone that happened in 1674
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, observed microorganisms “animalcules”
What is milestone that happened in 1798
Jenner used the first vaccine and begins a process that will lead to the eradication of smallpox in the 1970s
What is Spontaneous Generation
That organisms were generated from rotting organic material
What happened in 1850s
Semmelweis shows the value of hygiene
How did Semmelweis show the value of hygiene
He observed that women who delivered babies have a high chance of dying of child-bed fever.
Women who deliver at a different parts of the hospital or at a different time have different death rates, because of either getting an physician or midwife.
- In one group it was physicians coming from doing autopsies on cancer patients in the morning, they would not wash their hands and then would deliver babies in the afternoon, more wives were getting infected from the physicians
- The other group was midwives who did not do autopsies
He thought there were particles on the cadavers that were infecting the women giving birth
The death rates dropped significantly after he implemented hand washing for the physicians
What was Louis Pasteurs Experiement?
He boiled infusions long enough to kill everything but instead of sealing the flasks he bent their necks into an S-shape, which prevented air to enter while preventing the introduction of dust and microbes into the broth, his swan necks reminded microbe free because the dust was stuck in the neck, while the other flask exposed to the air became full of dust
What is pasteurization
The heating of milk to destroy all microbes
What did Louis Pasteur concluded from his experiment
That the microbes growing in the infusion arrived on the dust particles, not through spontaneous generation
What did Lister Nightingale do?
Lister uses antisepsis to control surgical infections (1870)
- Chemicals to wash skin and for instruments during surgery
What did Koch do?
In 1976, he demonstrated that anthrax is caused by Bacilllus anthracis
What happened in 1881
Lina Hesse suggests agar to solidify growth media for bacteria
When was the Golden Age of Microbiology and why
1880-1900
Many pathogens first identified
