Historical And Current Impact Of Educational Philosophies

Question 1

Efficiency Movement

Answer 1

Prepared students for life of work, through conformity, following directions, wrote learning/memorization, and strict rules of compartment

Question 2

Troy Academy

Answer 2

1821 – an Academy established for women by Emma Willard

Question 3

Oberlin College

Answer 3

1837 – the first coed institution

Question 4

Compulsory Education Act

Answer 4

1918 – required all children to attend school

Question 5

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 5

Developed tests to measure aptitude and achievement in children

Question 6

John Dewey

Answer 6

Progressivism – experiences cultivated to learn through reading, writing, hypothesizing, testing, and tracking a real life issues

Question 7

Eight Year Study

Answer 7

1930 – compared progressive and traditional education and found that the progressive produced more intellectual curiosity, critical thinking and judgment

Question 8

Philosophy of Education

Answer 8

The foundation to frame work and decisions about teaching

Question 9

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 9

Social development theory plays a major role in cognitive development

Question 10

Robert Havighurst

Answer 10

Believed development tasks must be mastered to develop normally. Six stages of development and growth

Question 11

Jean Piaget

Answer 11

Cognitive development theory – facts, concepts, and principles learned in for major stages; 1) sensorimotor 2)pre-operational 3) concrete 4) formal operations

Question 12

Jerome Bruener

Answer 12

Believed that a series of developmental steps/stages are encountered as we mature 1) action 2) imagery 3)symbolism

Question 13

Benjamin Bloom

Answer 13

Taxonomy of educational objectives. Believed learning outcomes are predicted by three factors 1) cognitive entry behaviors 2) interest 3) Quality of instruction

Question 14

B. F. Skinner

Answer 14

Behavioral theory – behavior is learned through conditioning

Question 15

Frederick Douglass

Answer 15

African American education advocate – Vocational training

Question 16

Booker T. Washington

Answer 16

African American educator. 1880 – Tusky Institute

Question 17

Maria Montessori

Answer 17

Created a method where children worked independently with the guidance of a teacher. Casa dei Bambini

Question 18

Ella Fagg Young

Answer 18

1909 – Chicago superintendent. First female president of. National EducationAssociation. Studied under John at Dewey at 50 years old

Question 19

Education in the early colonies

Answer 19

In the northern colonies, schools were set up by government authority, whereas in the southern and middle colonies schools were run by private authorities (such as religious in middle colonies)

Question 20

Dame Schools

Answer 20

The basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic (the 3Rs) were taught in women’s homes

Question 21

Latin Grammar Schools

Answer 21

Early schools consisting of Latin and Greek for aspiring government leaders

Question 22

English Schools

Answer 22

1751 – Benjamin Franklin proposed first English school academy teaching skills that would serve citizens in their endeavors

Question 23

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 23

Believed that only with an educated populace could a free government and foundation of democracy be secure

Question 24

Horace Mann

Answer 24

Father of American education – fought to establish a universal system of public education to bring about equality

Question 25

Common Schools

Answer 25

Brought a common experience in a diverse nation

Question 26

Old Deluder Satan Act

Answer 26

1647 –50+ families were required to have one teacher, 100+ families were required to have a school

Question 27

State Education Agency

Answer 27

A state agency that makes educational policies and regulations

Question 28

Monitorial System

Answer 28

A system where older students and start younger students under a teacher

Question 29

Western 21st Century Philosophies

Answer 29

What should the aims be? What is knowledge? What is the knowledge of most worth? What values should be taught? What is learning and how should it be assessed?

Question 30

Aesthetic Philosophy

Answer 30

What is beauty and art? – Drama, music, art, writing and literature

Question 31

Ethics Philosophy

Answer 31

(Axiology) what is the nature of values? – Good and bad behavior

Question 32

Logic Philosophy

Answer 32

Deductive or inductive disciplined and critical thinking and reasoning
Deductive- General principal to specific conclusion
Inductive – specific principle to a generalization

Question 33

Essentialism

Answer 33

Based on the assumption that students should learn the facts about the social and physical world. Moving from simple to more complex.
Emphasizes respect for others and authority, loyalty, hard work, and becoming a model citizen.

Question 34

Progressivism

Answer 34

All learning is active, intellectual, social and emotional, and the curriculum should begin with interests and experiences (John Dewey).
Emphasizes on critical thinking and problem-solving, self-respect and respect for others, classroom community, cooperation and collaboration, discussion and dialogue.

Question 35

Perenialism

Answer 35

All learning should be focused on unchanging principles or great ideas.
Emphasizes on the seat work, guided lessons, structure dialogue, expanding intellectual rational through study of; laws of nature, science, math, and literature.

Question 36

Social Reconstructionism

Answer 36

Fosters active participants in society through study of social problems and aims to create a more just society.
Emphasizes critical thinking skills to identify, question, challenge and solve crisis in society

Question 37

Behaviorism

Answer 37

B. F. Skinner- students influenced by controlling stimuli, environment highly organized, based on behavior all objectives, reward system used. Knowledge is observable.

Question 38

Positivism

Answer 38

Utilizes scientific evidence. Reality is explained by laws of matter and motion. Rejects the leaves about mind, spirit, consciousness.

Question 39

Teacher Center Philosophies

Answer 39

Essentialism
Behaviorism
Positivism

Question 40

Student Centered Philosophies

Answer 40

Progressivism
Humanism
Constructivism

Question 41

Humanism

Answer 41

Education should enhance innate goodness, develop free, self actualizing person, and start with the individual

Question 42

Constructivism

Answer 42

Hands on activity, critical thinking, variety of learning activities. Knowledge is gained from experience and active learning

Question 43

Erasmus

Answer 43

Developed humanist theory of education (Dutch)

Question 44

Frederich Frobel

Answer 44

Laid a foundation for modern education and established kindergarten. Believed women are best suited to teach young children

Question 45

John Locke

Answer 45

Believe children’s minds are blank slates and needed a nonthreatening environment in order to learn

Question 46

Socrates

Answer 46

Created the Socratic method – use of question lead teaching.