HISTOPATH

Question 1

What is exfoliative cytology?

Answer 1

Branch of general cytology that deals with the microscopic study of cells desquamated from epithelial surfaces.

Question 2

Purposes of Exfoliative Cytology:

Answer 2

1. Detect malignant and cancerous conditions.
2. Detect asymptomatic cancer in women, or precancerous cervical lesions.
3. Detect infections (i.e. HPV infection, trichomoniasis, and yeast infection).
4. Determine genetic sex.
5. Evaluate hormonal status in cases of sterility.

Question 3

What are the type of specimens in histopathology?

Answer 3

1. Autopsy
2. Biopsy
3. Cytology

Question 4

2 Types of Cytology Specimens

Answer 4

1. Gynecological Spx
2. Non-gynecological Spx

Question 5

List of gynecological and non-gynecological spx.

Answer 5

Gynecological:
Endometrial and endocervical smears
Cervicovaginal smear (pap smear)

Non-Gynecological:
Sputum
Smears of urine sediments
Pleural and Peritoneal Fluid
Gastric and Bronchial Secretions
Prostate and Breast Secretions
CSF

Question 6

Most common gynecological specimen.

Answer 6

Pap Smear

Question 7

Preparations of Non-Gynecological Spx:

Answer 7

1. Smears
2. Cell Block
3. Cytospin

Question 8

Methods of Smear Preparation

Answer 8

Striking Method
Spreading Method
Pull Apart Method
Touch Preparation (Impression Smear)

Question 9

Best way to collect cells from body fluids.

Answer 9

Cell block

Question 10

Cytospin conditions:

Answer 10

1,000 rpm

Question 11

Fluid Spx: Respiratory Tract Specimens

Answer 11

1. BAL
2. Sputum
3. Bronchial Washing
4. Bronchial Brushings

Question 12

Spx used to rule out Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. carinii) fungi, particularly among AIDS patients.

Answer 12

BAL

Question 13

Manner of collection for sputum:

Answer 13

• Deep cough
• 3 consecutive mornings

Question 14

Fixative used for sputum:

Answer 14

Saccomanno Fluid

Question 15

What is done to evaluate sputum?

Answer 15

Sputum is evaluated microscopically to determine presence of alveolar macrophages.

Question 16

Presence of this indicates satisfactory collection of sputum.

Answer 16

Alveolar macrophages

Question 17

Fixative used for bronchial brushings:

Answer 17

Spray fixative, or 95% ethanol

Question 18

Requirement for gastric secretions:

Answer 18

Atleast 8 hours of fasting

Question 19

Spx used to rule out breast carcinoma.

Answer 19

Breast secretion, or nipple discharge

Question 20

Nipple discharge is normal during, or _____.

Answer 20

Nipple discharge is normal during, or post-lactation.

Question 21

Breast secretions are usually… benign or malignant?

Answer 21

Benign

Question 22

Breast secretions may be due to:

Answer 22

lesions like duct ectasia or papilloma

Question 23

Fixative for breast secretions:

Answer 23

Spray fixative, 95% IPA