HISTOPATH Flashcards
Which of the following comes from the combination of the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm?
A. Bone
B. Trapezius
C. Cerebrum
D. Skin
skin
It is the organ most commonly affected by fatty degeneration?
A. Heart
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. all of these
Liver
What is a best tumor marker for medullary cancer of the thyroid?
A. AFP
B. Bence jone protein
C. Calcitonin
D. Chromagranin A
Calcitonin
AFP - Liver
Bence jone protein - Multiple myeloma
Chromogranin A- pheochromocytoma
Distance between spray fix and slide
1 foot or 12 inch
TAHBSO
Total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
(TAHBSO)
is the removal of the entire uterus, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the cervix. TAHBSO is usually performed in the case of uterine and cervical cancer.
reporting of cytologic smear by Papanicolaou:
WNL
ASCUS
AGUS
LSIL
HSIL
Within Normal Limit
Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance
Atypical glandular cells of undetermined
Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion.
High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.
When recording the history of a mother who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births), what is the correct GP score of the mother?
A. G1P2
B. G2P1
C. G2P2
D. G0P1
G2P2
A woman comes to the obstetrician 16 weeks pregnant. how do you calculate her GP score?
G1P0
A woman comes into the office. She bring her two children, ages 6 & 14, with her. Both were borned at 40 weeks. She has a positive HCG test.
G3P2
How many copies is needed per laboratory report?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
3
What Differentiate’s Zenker’s fluid with zenker-formol?
A. Zenker’s fluid have potassium dichromate, Zenker-formol have distilled water
B. Zenker’s fluid have Mercuric Chloride, Zenker-formol have Sodium sulfate
C. Zenker’s fluid have Distilled water, Zenker-formol have sodium sulfate
D. Zenker’s fluid have glacial acetic acid, Zenker-formol have strong formaldehyde
Zenker’s fluid have glacial acetic acid, Zenker-formol have strong formaldehyde
Stains for Spirochetes
Warthin-Starry silver stain: Demonstrates spirochetes by staining them black.
Which of the following is used to demonstrate circulatory system by injection?
A. Orcein
B. Iodine
C. Janus Green B
D. Prussian Blue
Prussian Blue
Orcein - elastic fiber
Iodine - starch
Janus Green B - Mitochondria
Refractive index of glass in mounting
1.518
It is the most critical step in tissue processing?
A. Staining
B. Numbering
C. Fixation
D. Sectioning
Fixation
An Oat Cell Carcinoma (Small Cell CA) was discovered from a 18 y/o, what is the indication that it is proliferating and undergoing metastasis:
A. LCA
B. PCNA
C. Desmin
D. CK-7
PCNA
An amputee’s foot was received in your laboratory but there is no enough fixative available, what should you do?
A. Leave the specimen at room temperature until the supple of fixative have arrived
B. Return the specimen to the requesting physician
C. Place the sample for the mean time at refrigerator until the supply of fixative have arrived
D. Cut the specimen into smaller pieces until that remaining fixative become enough to the specimen
Place the sample for the mean time at refrigerator until the supply of fixative have arrived
Main protein that can be found in connective tissue
Collagen
suffix -itis means?
double edged sword
inflammation
Cardinal sign: due to arteriolar and capillary dilation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury?
redness
RUBOR
Cardinal sign: Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasation of blood fluid; recruitment of phagocytes?
swelling
TUMOR
Cardinal sign: Due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content?
CALOR
Cardinal sign: Due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudate/tumor
DOLOR
Cardinal sign: Destruction of the functioning unit of the tissue?
Rudolf Virchow
FUNCTIO LAESA
A focal aggregation of activated macrophages which are transformed in an epithelial-like (epitheliod) cells, have an abundant pink cytoplasm and are surrounded by numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Granuloma
Macrophages in lymph nodes
Sinus histiocytes
Macrophages in pulmonary alveoli of lungs
Alveolar macrophages / dust cells
Macrophages in central nervous tissue
Microglial cell
Macrophages in placenta
Hofbauer cells
Macrophages in kidney
Intraglomerular mesangial cells
Defective development of tissue/organ
Aplasia
No appearance of an organ, Refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development.
ex. phocomelia, Mullerian ageneis
Agenesia
Failure of an organ to reach its full mature size, underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ.
Hypoplasia
Failure of an organ to form an opening
Atresia
Decrease in size of the normally mature tissue/organ
Atrophy
Tissue size increase because size increase of individual cells
Hypertrophy
Tissue size increase because of increase in the number of cells making up the tissue.
Hyperplasia
Reversible change involving transformation in one type of adult cell to another.
Metaplasia
Continuous abnormal proliferation of the cells without control (no purpose or function)
Neoplasia
Abnormal changes in cellular shape, size and/or organization.
Dysplasia
Vaginal smear for vaginal hormonal cytology
Upper Lateral Third
This is extremely important for detection of dysplasia and carcinomas if the cervix,
Transformation zone
Gram (+), slender rod shape, most common organism of the normal vaginal flora
Pap’s stain - Blue Lavender
Love acidic pH of 5.5
Doderlein bacillus
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Cytopathic effect of cell is characterized as macrosomia, multinucleation, nuclear molding and ground glass chromatin pattern
HSV II
Squamous epithelial cells that show cytopathic effect of HPV
Cells with atypical (wrinkled prune) nucleus surrounded by a perinuclear halo
Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL in Bethesda)
Koilocytes
Cervical mucus exhibits a ‘palm leaf’ pattern,
Signify a high persistent estrogen effect,
Arborization of mucus due to the formation of salt crystals in high NaCl concentration,
Diagnosis of early pregnancy / rupture membrane
Ferning / Arborization
Fresh Tissue Examination:
Watch glass with NSS then tissue is dissected/separated then examined under the Phase contrast/Bright field microscope
Teasing
Dissociation
Fresh Tissue Examination:
<1mm sandwiched between 2 slides, Vital stain (living state)
Crushing
Squash
Uses applicator stick, platinum loop
For preparation of mucoid secretions such as vaginal secretion aspirated from the posterior fornix, sputum and gastric content
Streaking
Uses two applicator stick, oval-shaped smear
For preparation of thick mucoid secretions, for smears of fresh sputum and bronchial aspirate
Spreading
Uses two glass slide
Secretions such as serous fluids, concentrated sputum and enzymatic lavage sample from the GIT, smears of urinary sediment, vaginal pool and breast secretions.
Pull-Apart
Cells are directly taken from the surface of excised, incised specimens by touching them with a clean glass slide,
Mostly indicated in cases of Hematolymphoid malignancy
Touch
Impression
Imprint
Abraded smear
A natural dye derived from extraction from the heartwood of the Mexican tree known as ‘Hematoxylin Campechianum.
Hematoxylin
Hematoxylin dye use for the study of Spermatogenesis
Copper Hematoxylin
Demonstration of Connective tissue
Acid Fuchsin Picric
(Van Gieson’s stain)
Demonstration of calcium salt deposits and phosphatase activities
Acridine Red 3B
Stain for hemoglobin or blood
Benzidine
Used as counterstain for gram’s staining for acid fasting for Papanicolaou method
Bismarck brown
Best known as indicator. Stain elastic tissues, amyloid, myelin
Congo red
Stain for blood to differentiate WBCs, blood parasites
Giemsa stain
Stain for demonstration of Mitochondria during vital staining
Janus Green
Counterstain for Ascaris egg, RBC and bacterial spores
Malachite Green
Common basic nuclear stain used with eosin. For plasma cell, for diphtheria, vital staining for Nervous tissue, cytological examination of sputum for malignant cells.
Methylene Blue
A basic stain, for granules & vacuoles of phagocytic cells
Neutral Red
Stains for Elastic & dermatological studies
Orcein
Stains for Fats
Osmium tetroxide
Stain for Neuroglia in frozen sections
Victoria Blue
