HEMA Flashcards
Factor of hemophilia A
A. VIII
B. VI
C. X
D. XI
A. VIII
Total white cell count is the estimate of the total number of WBC’s in
A. Cubic millimeter
B. Cubic micrometer
C. Millimeter
D. None
A. Cubic millimeter
According to Landsteiner, when a specific antigen is present on blood cells, the corresponding antibody
A. Is absent from the serum
B. Is present in the blood cells
C. Is present in the serum
D. May or may not be present depending on the agglutinogens present
A. Is absent from the serum
Strong Antigen:
A. Vitamin
B. Carbohydrate
C. Protein
D. Glycoprotein
Protein
Storage Temperature of platelets
A. 37C
B. 35-40C
C. 22-27C
D. -4C
22-27C
High total count is termed as
A. Leukopenia
B. Leukocytosis
C. Hypercytosis
D. Hypocytosis
Leukocytosis
What is the minimum number of bone marrow blast needed for the diagnosis of acute leukemia?
A. 29%
B. 50%
C. 5%
D. 30%
30%
Which of the following Fisher-Race phenotypes is the same as Rz
A. Dce
B. DCe
C. DcE
D. DCE
DCE
capital R correlates to capital D
z correlates to capital C and E
Insufficient centrifuge will result in:
A. A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value
B. A false decrease in Hct value
C. No effect on Hct value
D. All of these options, depending in the patient
A false increase in hematocrit (Hct) value
insufficient centrifugation does not pack down the red blood cells; therefore, the Hct which is the volume of packed cells, will increase
what is the normal WBC differential lymphocyte percentage (range) in the adult population?
A. 5-10%
B. 10-20%
C. 20-44%
D. 50-70%
20-44%
The general blood donor is
A. A blood group
B. B blood group
C. O blood group
D. AB blood group
O blood group
To what extent changes of hemoglobin in a day said to be normal?
A. 1.5 gm/dl
B. 2.5 gm/dl
C. 3 gm/dl
D. 3.5 gm/dl
1.5 gm/dl
Myeloid leukemia is
A. High Leukocyte
B. Low Leukocyte
C. Normal Leukocyte
High Leukocyte
The battlement scan pattern is employed in an eye-count differential examination of wedge blood film because:
A. Small lymphocytes will be concentrated in the feather edge
B. Large leukocytes occur more frequently in the feather edge
C. Eosinophils occur more frequently in the center of the film.
D. Leukocytes are distributed evenly throughout the film.
Eosinophils occur more frequently in the center of the film.
Pelger-Huet anomaly is neutrophil characterized by
A. Hyposegmented
B. Hypersegement
C. Toxic granules
D. All
Hyposegmented
Prolonged bleeding time commonly occurs in
A. Damage to vascular endothelium
B. Defect platelets function
C. Reduction Platelet number
D. Disorder of blood coagulation
E. All
All
Hb range in adult
A. 13.5-17.5 gm/dl
B. 12-16 gm/dl
C. 13.5-17.5 mg/dl
D. 11-15 gm/dl
13.5-17.5 gm/dl
The principle involved in some automated blood cell counters is based on the
A. Value of the cell indices
B. Weight of the hemoglobin in the red cell
C. Size of the particle being counted
D. Amount of hemoglobin in the red cell
Size of the particle being counted
The following are index sensitive and will measure iron deficiency anemia:
A. Transferrin
B. Ferritin
C. TIBC
D. Hb Concentration
E. All of the above
All of the above
The person should not have donated blood within the previous
A. 3 months
B. 5 months
C. 2 months
D. 1 year
3 months
Which is the major Hgb found in the RBCs of patients with sickle cell trait?
A. Hgb S
B. Hgb F
C. Hgb A2
D. Hgb A
Hgb A
Anti-Lea can react with:
A. Le (a+b+) cells
B. Le (a-b-) cells
C. Le (a+b-) cells
D. Le (a-b+) cells
Le (a+b+) cells
Le (a+b-) cells
A 7.0ml ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube is received in the laboratory containing only 2.0 ml of blood. If the laboratory is using manual techniques, which of the following tests will most likely be erroneous?
A. RBC count
B. Hemoglobin (Hgb)
C. Hct
D. WBC count
Hct
excessive anticoagulant causes shrinkage of cells, thus the Hct will be affected RBC and WBC counts remain the same as does the Hgb content.
The following index sensitive and will measure the total of iron deficiency anemia
A. Transferrin
B. Ferritin
C. TIBC
D. Hb electrophoresis
E. All of the above
All of the above
Diluting fluid for Manual platelet count
1% ammonium oxalate
What is the effect of prolonged tourniquet application to the level of VWF in the specimen?
False increase
The megakaryocyte progenitor that undergoes endomitosis is
A. MK-I
B. BFU-Meg
C. CFU-Meg
D. LD-CFU-Meg
LD-CFU-Meg
Both A and D performs endomitosis LD-CFU-Meg is a progenitor while MK-I is a precursor
Cellular Unltrastructural component unique to the platelet.
Absorb albumin, fibrinogen, and other plasma protein through endocytosis
Glycocalyx
PAR 1 and 4 receptor
Activates what ligand?
Thrombin
Protein that form MICROTUBULES
Tubulin
Protein form MICROFILAMENTS
Actin
Which of the following platelet granules contain coagulation factors?
A. Alpha
B. Dense
C. Lysosome
D. Nota
ALPHA GRANULES
Which of the eosinophil granules contain cyclooxygenase?
Lipid bodies
Other name of ASPIRIN
Acetylsalicylic acid
Ideal length of blood smear (wedge method)
2/3 to 3/4
Process of replacing red marrow by yellow marrow during development?
RETROGRESSION
M:E ratio
1.5:1 to. 3.3:1
Leukemia M:E ratio
10:1
Total mass of RBCs circulating in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow RBC precursors
Erythron
Erythrocytes in the circulation
RBC mass
A term that describes the dynamics of RBC creation and destruction
Erythrokinetics
Immature Hematopoietic cell that is committed to a cell line but CANNOT be identified morphologically?
Progenitor cells
Immature Hematopoietic cell that is morphologically INDENTIFIABLE as belonging to a given cell line
PRECURSOR CELLS
earliest marker of eryrhroid differentiation; transferrin receptor
CD71
How many days for the BFU-E to mature to an erythrocyte?
18-21 days
BFU-E to CFU-E : 1week
CFU-E to Rybriblast : 1 week
Last stage with a NUCLEOLUS
First stage of HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS
absence of nucleuli
Gives rise to 4 rubricyte
Prorubricyte (basophilic normoblast)
Last stage capable of MITOSIS
first stage in which the cytoplasm becomes PINK
Gives rise to 2 metarubricyte
Checkerboard
Muddy or gray color
Rubricyte / Polychromatic normoblast
Nucleus is extruded at this stage, and the cells becomes a reticulocyte.
Nucleus: pyknotic (dense mass of degenerated chromatin)
Cytoplasm: salmon-pink
Last stage with a NUCLEUS
Metarubricyte / Orthochromatic normoblast
Last stage of HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS
Spends 2 to 3 days in the bone marrow and 1 day in the peripheral blood before developing into a mature RBC.
Cytoplasm: Salmon pink
RETICULOCYTE
Anion transporter, supports ABH antigens
Band 3
Glucose transporter, supports ABH antigen
GLUT-1
Primary cytoskeletal proteins
Alpha spectrin
Beta spectrin
Increase MCHC (35 & 38)
Autosomal Dominant
Defect in protein that disturbs vertical membrane interaction between transmembrane protein and underlying cytoskeleton; loss of membrane and decreased surface area to volume ration
Hereditary Spherocytosis
A flow cytomertry based test
Most sensitive and specific test to confirm the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis
Ema Binding test
Glucose penetrates the red blood cell with no energy expenditure via GLUT-1 (a transmembrane protein)
Produce 2 molecule of ATP
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway
Most common enzyme deficiency of the EMP and is the most common form of hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia
Has ACANTHOCYTES, BURR CELLS
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Pk fluorescent spot tets - recommended screening test
AUTOHEMOLYSIS - screening
QUANTITATIVE PK ASSAY - Confirmatory
Most common enzyme deficiency in the pentose Phosphate pathway and is also the most common RBC enzyme defect (prevalence of 5% of the global population, or approximately 400 M people worldwide)
PBS: HEINZ BODIES, BITE CELLS
Glucose 6 Phosphate dehydrogenase
G6PD FLUORESCENT SPOT TEST - recommended screening
AUTOHEMOLYSIS - screening
QUANTITATIVE G6PD ASSAY - Confirmatory
Severe, episodic acute hemolytic anemia associated with infections, certain drugs and fava beans; not self-limited and may require transfusion during hemolytic episodes
Favism
G6PD Mediterranean variat
G6PD TYPE II
Prevent the denaturation of the GLOBIN by oxidation
Functionally dependent on G6PD
Hexose Monophosphate shunt
Maintains iron in the HEME in it’s reduced state (ferrous)
Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Increase PH
Decrease PCO2
Decrease 2,3 BPG
Decrease TEMP
Increase O2 AFFINITY
Shift to the left
Decrease PH
Increase PCO2
Increase 2,3 BPG
Increase TEMP
Decrease O2 AFFINITY
Shift to the right
RBC with slit like central pallor
Rh Deficiency Syndrome, alcoholism,
Electrolyte imbalance,
Dehydrated hereditary, syomatocytosis (a. k. a. Hereditary Xerocytosis), overhydrated hereditary
Stomatocyte / Mouth cell
Abetalipoproteinemia (a.k.a. Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome & Hereditary Acanthocutosis)
McLeod syndrome
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Hepatic hemangioma
Neonatal hepatitis
After heparin administration
Postspkenectomy
Cirrhosis
RBCs with irregular spiculated surface
ACANTHOCYTES
Thorn cell
Spur cell
RBCs with regularly spiculated surface
Uremia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
BURR cell
Echinocyte
Pear-shaped or teardrop shaped RBCs
Primary Myelofibrosis (a.k.a. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia)
Megaloblastic anemia,
Thalassemia,
Dacrayocyte
Teardrop cells
Fragmented RBCs
Patient with artificial heart valves, Uremia, severe burns, MAHAs
Schistocyte / Schizocyte
Two forms of drepanocytes
- Cresent shaped, with long projections, when reoxygenated they fragment
- Have less pronounced projections, when reoxygenated they return to the original, biconcave disk shape
- Irreversible sickle cell
- Oat shaped cells
