Histology Review

Question 1

3 main cells found in conducting zone?

Answer 1

1. Goblet cells, 2. Ciliated cells, 3. Basal cells (stem cells)

Question 2

What is the border of the conducting zone?

Answer 2

Terminal bronchioles

Question 3

When is there an imbalance between goblet cells and ciliated cells?

Answer 3

Smoking or pollution (less cilia, more goblet cells)

Question 4

What is the Reid Index?

Answer 4

Gland depth/total thickness of bronchi

Question 5

Waht are the layersof the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Lumen-mucosa (goblet cells)-submucosa (glands)

Question 6

What is the function of mucus?

Answer 6

Sticky to clean air from bacteria or dust. Also some immune function.

Question 7

How does the Reid index change with more mucus secretion?

Answer 7

Increases because glands enlarge.

Question 8

What is the Reid index that indicates pathology?

Answer 8

>0.4

Question 9

What surface area is covered by type 1 pneumocytes?

Answer 9

95%

Question 10

Which pneumocytes are responsible for gas exchange?

Answer 10

Type 1

Question 11

Which pneumocyte is more numerous?

Answer 11

Type II

Question 12

Which pneumocyte produces surfactant?

Answer 12

Type II

Question 13

What is the pathway on the air-blood barrier?

Answer 13

1. Surfactant layer, 2. Type I pneumocytes, 3. Basement membrane, 4. Endothelial cell, 5. Erythrocyte membrane

Question 14

What are Clara cells?

Answer 14

Make surfactant,

Question 15

What are dust cells?

Answer 15

Macrophages that phagocytose dust left over after cilia and mucus. Clean lumen of alveoli and septa in between them, where they often find RBCs. Originate from bone marrow (from monocytes in blood).

Question 16

What are heart failure cells?

Answer 16

Macrophages the phagocytose RBCs in the sepa between alveoli. If too many RBCs as in HF, will become brown from hemoglobin.