Histology of Respi System-Brodsky

Question 2

What is cranial nerve 1?

Answer 2

Olfactory nerve

Question 3

What is olfactory constancy?

Answer 3

Sniffing deep in order to compensate for changes in flow rate.

Question 4

Where is the olfactory bulb located?

Answer 4

Above the nalsal passage, behind the eyes, passes through the cribiform plate through the skull.

Question 5

What is the pathway of an olfactory receptor signal?

Answer 5

Cilia-mucus-dendritic knob-axon

Question 6

What is the (olfactory) glomerulus?

Answer 6

In the olfactory bulb, where olfactory nerves synapse, information is integrated and passed to brain through mitral cells.

Question 7

What are the causes of anosmia?

Answer 7

1. Trauma, 2. Excessive mucus from allergies, 3. Polyps, 4. Zinc deficiency (1/3)

Question 8

What are the only 2 groups of nerves that can regenerate?

Answer 8

1. Olfactory (in the subventricular zone-SVZ), 2. Memory/learning in hippocampus-Subgranular zone-SGZ)

Question 9

Picture of olfactory pathway

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the halflife of an olfactory interneuron?

Answer 10

50% die between 15-45 days, the others last over a year

Question 11

What is rhinitis medicamentosa

Answer 11

Nasal congestion without rhinorrhea or sneezing that is triggered by the use of topical vasoconstrictive medications (alpha blockers) for more than 4-6 days. Cessation of the decongestant is followed by rebound congestion within hours, leading to more use of the decongestant. Constriction leads to less production of mucus–>decreased nutrition and oxygen.

Question 12

What is the effect of acetylcholine (parasympathetic activity) on the nasal passages?

Answer 12

Increases nasal secretions, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which causes vasodilation.

Question 13

What is allergic rhinitis?

Answer 13

Mast cells release histamine which activates goblet cells to release mucus.