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ER Exam 2 > Histology of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What do the lobules of the testes contain?

A

Seminiferus tubules

Leydig cells

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2
Q

What type of epitheium composes the seminiferous tubules?

A

Complex stratified epithelium

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the peritubular/myoid cells?

A

Surround the cells of the seminiferous tubules => create peristaltic waves to move spermatozoa through tubules

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4
Q

What cells make up the proximal and distal ends of the straight tubules?

A

Proximal: Sertoli cells

Distal: Simple cuboidal cells

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5
Q

What epithelium composes the Rete testis?

A

Simple cuboidal/low columnar

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6
Q

How long for sperm maturation?

A

2-12 days

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7
Q

What does the head of the epididymis contain? What epithelial cells is it made of?

A

Efferent ductules (connect rete testes to head)

Pseudostratified columnar

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8
Q

What does the body of the epididymis contain? What epithelial cells is it made of?

A

Duct of epididymis - contains principal cells

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium WITH STEREOCILIA to move sperm towards tail

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9
Q

What epithelium is the Ductus (Vas) Deferens composed of?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium WITH STEREOCILIA

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10
Q

What are the layers of the muscular wall of the ductus deferens?

A

Inner and outer longitudinal layers

Middle circular layer

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11
Q

What structures come together to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

Distal end of ampulla of the ductus deferens

Ducts of the seminal vesicles

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12
Q

Type A spermatogonia will appear how? What do they do?

A

Appearance: Ovoid nuclei with intensely basophilic, granular chromatin

Job: Remain as reserve stem cells or differentiate into Type B

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13
Q

Type B spermatogonia appearance and job?

A

Appearance: Spherical nuclei, chromatin condensed in large clumps around central nucleolus

Job: Enter meiosis to become mature sperm

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14
Q

What cell division causes a primary spermatocyte to divide into 2 secondary spermatocytes?

A

Meiosis I

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15
Q

What cell division causes secondary spermatocytes to divide into spermatids?

A

Meiosis 2

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16
Q

What cell division causes a spermatogonium to divide into Type A and B spermatogonium?

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

4 phases of spermiogenesis

A
  1. Golgi
  2. Cap
  3. Acrosome
  4. Maturation
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18
Q

What is the acrosomal vesicle and when is it formed?

A

Membrane-bound cap filled with hydrolytic enzymes from the Golgi Apparatus, determines the anterior pole of the sperm

Golgi phase

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19
Q

What happens during the cap phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Acrosomal vesicle enlarges and spreads over anterior 1/2 of nucleus

Nuclear envelope attaches to acrosomal sac

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20
Q

What happens during the golgi phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Acrosomal vesicle formed next to the nucleus

Centrioles migrate to posterior pole to form the axoneme of sperm tail

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21
Q

What happens during the acrosome phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Spermatid orients self so head is embedded in sertoli cell and tail extends into lumen of seminiferous tubule

Manchette formed to transport protein from the head to the tail

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22
Q

What happens during the maturation phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Excess cytoplasm removed as residual bodies create mature sperm

Spermatids released from sertoli cells into the lumen

23
Q

Where does the axonemal complex of the sperm begin and end?

A

Begins in the head, ends in the tail

24
Q

What part of the sperm contains the mitochondria?

A

Middle piece of the tail

25
Q

What is the sperm pathway?

A

SEVEn UP

  1. Seminiferous Tubule
  2. Straight tubule
  3. Rete Testis
  4. Efferent Ductule
  5. Epididymal duct
  6. Vas (Ductus) Deferens
  7. Ejaculatory duct
  8. Urethra
  9. Penis
26
Q

What is the appearance of sertoli cells?

A

Columnar with extensive apical and lateral processes surrounding adjacent spermatogenic cells

27
Q

What cells produce the blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cells through tight jxns

28
Q

What are Androgen-Binding proteins secreted from? What do they do?

A

Sertoli cells

Bind T and DHT with high affinity

29
Q
A
30
Q

During aging, what happens to the lamina propria in the seminiferous tubules?

A

Thickening causes decreased rate of sperm production and reduced size of seminiferous tubules

31
Q

What cells exist within the lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Myoid cells

32
Q

What cells produce Crystals of Reinke?

A

Leydig cells

33
Q

What substances does the Leydig cell produce?

A

T and Insulin-Like Protein 3

34
Q

What is the action of INSL3 in the embryo and during puberty?

A

Embryo: stimulates descent of testes

Puberty: promote meiotic division in seminiferous tubules

35
Q

Name the accessory sex glands

A

Seminal vesicles

Bulbourethral glands

Prostate

36
Q

What are the layers of the seminal vesicle?

A

Mucosa - increased surface area

Smooth M - contraction during ejaculation

Fibrous coat

37
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secrete?

A

White/yellow viscous fluid (75% of semen secretion)

Alkaline to protect from acidic urethra and vagina

Contains fructose, AAs, ascorbic acid, prostaglandins

38
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the seminal vesicles?

A

Pseuodstratified columnar

39
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the bulbourethral glands?

A

Simple columnar

40
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

Preseminal fluid

Contains galactose, sialic acid, methylpentose

Alkaline to neutralize acidic urethra

41
Q

What is the largest accessory sex gland?

A

Prostate

42
Q

What type of epithelium lines the prostate gland?

A

Simple columnar or pseudostratified epithelium

43
Q

What are the 4 zones of the prostate?

A

Peripheral

Transitional

Central

Periurethral

44
Q

What zone of the prostate is palpable during a DRE?

A

Peripheral

(means it is the location of prostatic CA)

45
Q

What zone of the prostate compresses the prostatic urethra in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

A

Transitional

46
Q

What zone of the prostate surrounds the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Central

47
Q

What are the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Inability to void bladder

Urinary frequency

Urgency

Nocturia

Difficulty starting/stopping stream

Excessive dribbling

Dysuria

48
Q

What structures produce seminal secretions?

A

Testes

Epididymis

Ductus Deferens

Prostate

Seminal Vesicles

Bulbourethral glands

49
Q

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is used as a means of early diagnosis of what?

A

Prostate CA

50
Q

How many sperm per ejaculate? What percentage is normal?

A

100 million

~50%

51
Q

What are the sx of Prostate CA?

A

Urinary frequency

Dysuria

Hematuria

Low back pain (late)

52
Q

What tissue is identified by irregular, interconnected vascular sinuses w/ fibrocollagenous stroma?

A

Erectile tissue

53
Q

What arteries fill the vascular sinuses of erectile tissue?

A

Helicine arteries

54
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sildenafil?

A

Inhibits PDE to increase cGMP => increased blood into sinusoids => maintain erection

ER Exam 2 (16 decks)

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