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ER Exam 2 > Histology of the Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of epithelium is the Ovarian Surface Epithelium?

A

Simple squamous-to-low cuboidal

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2
Q

What does the cortex of the ovary contain?

A

Connective tissue

Follicles with primary oocytes arrested at the end of prophase I

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3
Q

What does the medulla of the ovary contain?

A

CT

Interstitial cells

Neurovasculature and lymphatics

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4
Q

What cells surround and support the oocyte?

A

Follicular/granulosa cells

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5
Q

What cells are recruited by the primordial follicles to initiate folliculogenesis?

A

Granulosa cells

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6
Q

In what cell division phase is a primary oocyte arrested in?

A

Prophase I of Meiosis I

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7
Q

What will granulosa cells eventually segregate into?

A
  1. Cumulus Oophorous
  2. Mural Granulosa
  3. Corona Radiata
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8
Q

What phase do secondary oocytes arrest in?

A

Metaphase II of Meiosis II

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9
Q

What is the coat of glycoproteins encasing a primary oocyte called?

A

Zona Pellucida

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10
Q

Histologically, what do you see when a primordial follicle changes to a primary follicle?

A

Single layer of granulosa cells => Simple cuboidal layer of granulosa cells

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11
Q

What differentiates a secondary follicle from a late primary follicle?

A

Formation of the antrum in the secondary follicle

Organized theca cells

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12
Q

What does the theca interna produce?

A

Androstenedione => Estradiol

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13
Q

Call-Exner bodies are a hallmark of what?

A

Secondary follicle, will fill with follicular fluid and coalesce to become the antrum

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14
Q

Where does follicular fluid come from?

A

Blood vessels of the theca interna

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15
Q

What are the hallmarks of a mature follicle?

A

Largest antrum

Fully segregated granulosa cells

Organized thecal layers

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16
Q

What type of granulosa cells actively synthesize and secrete estrogen and produce follicular fluid?

A

Mural granulosa cells

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17
Q

What granulosa cells anchor the primary oocyte to the mature follicle?

A

Cumulus oophorous

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18
Q

In what phase does proteolysis of theca cells and tunica albuginea cause rupture?

A

Ovulatory phase

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19
Q

Corpus hemorragicum is formed during what phase? As a result of what?

A

Luteal phase

Blood enters empty antrum and coagulates

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20
Q

Theca Lutein cells arise from what?

A

Theca Interna cells

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21
Q

Deficiency in progesterone during pregnancy may result in what?

A

Miscarriage

No progesterone to signal to the brain to stop luteolysis

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22
Q

Corpus Albicans is the remnant of what?

A

Corpus luteum after luteolysis

23
Q

When does corpus involution typically occur?

A

14 days after ovulation

24
Q

What is the mechanism for follicular atresia?

A

Apoptosis

25
Q

What occurs during follicular atresia?

A

Failure of a follicle to ovulate so it regresses/degenerates to ensure only viable follicles are available

26
Q

What are the 4 regions of the oviduct?

A

Proximal infundibulum w/ fimbriae

Long, thin-walled ampulla

Short, thick-walled isthmus

Intramural portion opening up into uterus

27
Q

What are the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct lined with?

A

Mucosal folds

28
Q

Where do most fertilizations occur?

A

Ampulla of the oviduct

29
Q

Where are the mucosal folds the greatest in the oviduct?

A

Ampulla

30
Q

What type of epithelium makes of the mucosal layer of the Oviduct?

A

Simple columnar

31
Q

What type of cells make up the wall of the oviduct?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

Lamina propria

Ciliated cells

Nonciliated secretory cells (peg cells)

32
Q

What is response of the ciliated cell of the oviduct to high estrogen?

A

Enlarge, grow in height, produce cilia during foliculogenesis

33
Q

What is the response of the ciliated cell of the oviduct to increased progesterone?

A

Luteolysis, Lose cilia and decrease height

34
Q

What is the non-ciliated (peg) cell’s respones to high estrogen?

A

Secrete nutrients for egg during migration

35
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the endometrium?

A

Simple columnar with simple tubular endometrial glands

36
Q

What is the muscular layer of the uterus?

A

Myometrium - smooth muscle

Thick central circular layer, highly vascularized with inner and outer longitudinal or oblique layers

37
Q

What part of the arcuate arteries supply the basal layer of the endometrium?

A

Straight segment

38
Q

What part of the arcuate arteries supply the functional layer of the endometrium?

A

Coiled segment

39
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle is estrogen-dependent?

A

Proliferative phase (Day 5-14)

40
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle is the endometrium optimal for implantation?

A

Secretory phase (Day 15-28)

41
Q

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle and how long do each last?

A

Menstrual phase (1-4)

Proliferative phase (5-14)

Secretory phase (15-28)

Ischemic phase (1)

42
Q

What is the purpose of the decidual reaction?

A

Endometrial stromal cells increase in size and transform into decidual cells at site of implantation to protect the embryo

43
Q

What tissue is characterized by folded simple columnar mucosa with deep crypts?

A

Endocervix

44
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ectocervix?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

A cervical crypt that becomes occluded is known as what?

A

Nabothian cyst

46
Q

What is the hallmark of a vaginal histological slide?

A

No glands

Mucosal, muscularis, and adventitial layer

47
Q

How does the epithelium of the vagina appear during ovulation?

A

Stratified epithelium fully differentiated

Acidophilic squamous cells are seen

48
Q

How does the epithelium of the vagina appear after ovulation?

A

Decreased number of squamous cells

Lots of basophilic polygonal cells

High amount of neutrophils/lymphocytes

49
Q

What layer of the cervix is most prone to dysplasia?

A

Ectocervix

50
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the mons pubis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with hair follicles covering subcutaneous fat overlying the symphysis pubis

51
Q

How would the labia majora appear on a histological slide?

A

Pigmented skin with hair follicles and glands (apocrine sweat and sebaceous) covering the fat pad

52
Q

How would the labia minora appear on a histological slide?

A

Pigmented skin folds with abundant blood vessels, elastic fibers, and sebaceous glands

53
Q

How would the hymen appear on a histological slide?

A

External - keratinized stratified squamous

Internal - nonkeratinized stratified squamous

ER Exam 2 (16 decks)

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