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Histology YR1 > Histology of Respiratory System > Flashcards

Histology of Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conduction portion

A

Air passages that lead to sites of respiration within the lung where gas exchange takes place

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2
Q

What structures are part of the conduction system

A 
Nasal cavities
Nasopharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Primary bronchi
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3
Q

What is the respiratory portion

A

Where gas exchange occurs

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4
Q

What structures make up the respiratory portion

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

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5
Q

Components included in the conducting system

A 
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Mucous and serous glands
Cartilage
Smooth muscle
Adventitia
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6
Q

What epithelium does respiratory mucosa contain

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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7
Q

What five cells does the respiratory region of the nasal cavity consist of

A 
Ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Brush cells
Small granule cells
Basal cells
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8
Q

What are ciliated cells

A

Tall columnar cells with cilia that project into the mucus covering the epithelial surface

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9
Q

What do goblet cells do

A

Synthesise and secrete mucus

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10
Q

What are brush cells

A

General name for cells in the respiratory tract that bear short, blunt microvilli

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11
Q

What are small granule cells

A

Resemble basal cells but contain secretory granules; endocrine cells of DNES

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12
Q

What are Basal cells

A

lie on basement membrane; stem cells from which other cells arise

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13
Q

What is the lamina propria attached to in the respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

Periosteum and perichondrium of adjacent bone/cartilage

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14
Q

What is the olfactory region of nasal cavity lined with

A

Specialised olfactory mucosa

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15
Q

What epithelium does the olfactory region of nasal cavity have

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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16
Q

What cells do olfactory region of nasal cavity

A

Olfactory receptor cells
Supporting cells
Basal cells
Brush cells

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17
Q

What are olfactory receptor cells

A

bipolar olfactory neurons that span the thickness of the epithelium

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18
Q

supporting cells

A

columnar cells that provide mechanical and metabolic support to ORC

19
Q

What is larynx formed by

A

Plates of both hyaline and elastic cartilage

20
Q

What two folds are formed from mucosa of the larynx

A

Upper folds - vestibular folds

Lower folds - vocal folds

21
Q

Difference between vestibular folds and vocal folds

A

Vestibular is immobile whereas vocal folds are mobile and play a role in phonation

22
Q

What is the luminal surface of the vocal cords covered with

A

Stratified squamous epithlium

23
Q

What is the remainder of larynx covered in

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

24
Q

$ layers of the trachea

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilaginous layer
Adventitia

25
Q

What is the mucosa composed of

A

Composed of a ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and an elastic, fibre rich lamina propria

26
Q

What is the Submucosa composed of

A

Composed of a slightly denser connective tissue than the LP

27
Q

What is the cartilaginous layer

A

Composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilage

28
Q

What is the Adventitia composed of

A

Composed of connective tissue that binds trachea to adjacent structures

29
Q

What cells does the tracheal epithelium contain

A 
Ciliated columnar cells
Mucous cells (goblet cells)
Basal cells
Brush cells
Small granule cells
30
Q

What is the identifying feature of the tracheal epithelium

A

Thick basement membrane

31
Q

What structural changes occurs when bronchi enters lungs

A

Cartilage rings replaced by irregular shaped cartilage plates
Plates arranged linearly around the entire circumference of the bronchial wall
Plates become smaller and less numerous as the bronchi decrease in size
addition of smooth muscle to wall of bronchi

32
Q

What layers can you find in bronchial wall

A 
Mucosa 
Muscularis
Submucosa
Cartilage layer 
Adventitia
33
Q

What epithelium do large bronchioles have

A

Ciliated pseudostratified/simple columnar epithelium

34
Q

What epithelium do small bronchioles have

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

35
Q

What are club cells

A

non-ciliated, rounded/dome-shaped

36
Q

What is the first part of the bronchiole tree that allows gas exchange

A

Respiratory bronchioles

37
Q

What epithelium are respiratory bronchioles lined with

A

Cuboidal epithelium

ciliated and club cells both present in the epithelium

38
Q

How many alveoli is present in each adult lung

A

150-250 million alveoli

39
Q

What are alveolar sacs

A

spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli

40
Q

what is the tissue between adjacent alveolar air spaces called

A

interalveolar septum or septal wall

41
Q

What does the alveolus contain

A

Type I alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells
Macrophages
occasional brush cell

42
Q

What are type I alveolar cells

A

Extremely thin squamous cells
Unable to divide
Account for 40% of alveolar lining cells; line around 95% of the alveolar surface

43
Q

What are type II alveolar cells

A

Cuboidal cells interspaced among type I cells
line only 5% of the alveolar surface
Account for 60% of alveolar lining
Act as progenitor cells for type I cells

44
Q

Function of macrophages in alveolus

A

Work in the air space of the alveolus

Remove debris and particles that have escaped mucus and cilia

Histology YR1 (6 decks)

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