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Histology YR1 > Histology of endocrine system > Flashcards

Histology of endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is Pituitary gland made of

A

epithelial tissue

neural tissue

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2
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland apprears in darker staining

A

anterior lobe

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3
Q

Hormones secreted by adenohypophysis

A

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, GH and PRL

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4
Q

3 parts of the adenohypophysis

A

Pars distalis - bulk of anterior lobe
Pars intermedia - separates PD from PN
Pars tuberalis - superior extension of PD

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5
Q

How are the cells in the adenohypophysis organised

A

Clumps and cords

Separated by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries

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6
Q

What are the three different types of cells identified in the Pars Distalis according to their staining reaction

A

Basophils (10%)
Acidophils (40%)
Chromophobes (50%)

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7
Q

What are the 5 cell types identified in the pars distalis according to immunocytochemical reactions

A 
Somatotrope
Lactotrope
Corticotrope
Gonadotrope
Thyrotrope
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8
Q

What cell has the darkest staining in the pars distalis

A

Basophils

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9
Q

what cells does the pars intermedia contain

A

contains basophils and chromophobes

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10
Q

What does the Neurohypophysis consist of

A

Pars nervosa - contain unmyelinated axons and their nerve endings
Infundibulum - connects it to the hypothalamus

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11
Q

What are the dilated potions of axon called

A

Herring bodies

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12
Q

What are the dilated potions of axon called

A

Herring bodies

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13
Q

What is the only specific cell in the neurohypophysis

A

Pituicyte

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14
Q

Describe pituicytes

A

Specialised glial cells
irregular in shape
nuclei are either round or oval

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15
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of thyroid gland

A

Thyroid follicle
A spherical cyst like compartment with a wall consisting of a simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelium
contains gell like mass called colloids

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16
Q

Two types of cells in follicular epithelium

A

Follicular cells

Parafollicular cells

17
Q

What are follicular cells

A

Responsible for production of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones
Vary in shape and size
Exhibit lightly basophilic basal cytoplasm

18
Q

What are parafollicular cells

A

Located in peripheral follicular epithelium within the follicle basal lamina
Larger than follicular cells
Secrete calcitonin
Pale staining

19
Q

What does calcitonin do

A

regulates calcium metabolism

20
Q

Two main cell types in parathyroid glands

A

Chief cells - small polygonal cells with centrally located nucleus
Oxyphils - occurs singly or in clusters, more rounded and considerably larger than chief cells

21
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do

A

PTH raises calcium levels in response to low blood calcium

22
Q

WHat is the difference in shape between he right adrenal gand and left

A

Right - Flattened triangular shape

Left- Semilunar shape

23
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex and what is their cortical volume

A

Zona glomerulosa - narrow outer zone, 15% cortical volume
Zona fasciculata - thick middle zone, 80% cortical volume
Zona reticularis - inner zone that constitutes around 5-7%

24
Q

Describe the zona glomerulosa

A

Cells arranged in clusters
relatively small columnar or pyramidal shape
Cells secrete aldosterone

25
Q

Describe the zona fasciculata

A

cells arranged in straight bundles, one or two cells thick
cells are large and polyhedral in shape
Produce glucocorticoids

26
Q

Describe zona reticularis

A

Cell arranged in anastomosing cords separated by capillaries
Cells are smaller than ZF, nuclei closer packed and deeply stained
Principle secretion is sex hormones

27
Q

What does the adrenal medulla contain

A

Chromaffin cells
ganglion cells
connective tissue
sinusoidal blood capillaries and nerves

28
Q

What are the chromaffin cells

A

Modified neurons; columnar shape, basophilic, organised in ovoid clusters
Produce and secrete catecholamines, mainly epinephrine and norepinephrine

Histology YR1 (6 decks)

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