Histology of renal system

Question 1

whatre renal columns

Answer 1

inward extensions of cortical tissue, that separate pyramids

Question 2

distribution of blood

Answer 2

cortex - 90%

medulla - 10%

Question 3

what makes rena corpuscles

Answer 3

glomerulus

proximal segment of nephron

Question 4

cortical labyrinths consist of

Answer 4

renal corpuscles
collecting tubules
convoluted tubules and nephrons

Question 5

cortical nephron

Answer 5

have short loops of henle

located in upper part of cortex

Question 6

what are juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 6

renal corpuscles located at thebase of medullary pyramid

have long loops of henny

Question 7

intermediate/midcortical nephrons

Answer 7

renal corpuscles located at midregion of cortex

Question 8

bowmans capsule, external layer epithelial layer

Answer 8

simple squamous epithelium associated with connective tissue stroma
continuous with simple cuboidal epithelium of proximal convoluted tubule
visceral layer attaches to glomerulus
consists of podocytes reinforced by basal lamina

Question 9

what does the renal corpuscle act as

Answer 9

acts as semi permeable membrane

Question 10

endothelium of glomerular capillaries

Answer 10

contains fenestrations
fenestrations have no diaphragm
contains large number of aquaporins

Question 11

components of filtration

Answer 11

endothelium of glomerular capillaries
glomerular basement membrane
visceral layer

Question 12

layers of GBM

Answer 12

lamina rara interna - contains polyanions
lamina externa
lamina densa - contains type 4 collagen and sialoglycoproteins

Question 13

mesangial cells functions

Answer 13

contractile
phagocytic
capable of proliferation
synthesize both matrix and collagen
structural support
secrete prostaglandins and endothelins

Question 14

juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of

Answer 14

macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells which produce renin
extraglomerular mesangial cells which regulate bp by activating renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 15

functions of proximal tubule

Answer 15

major site of reabsorption
re absorbs amino acids, sugars and polypeptides
endocytoses proteins and large peptides

Question 16

describe cuboidal cells of proximal convoluted tubes

Answer 16

brush border
plicae borders
inter digitation
basal striations

Question 17

thin segment of loop of henle epithelial cells

Answer 17

type 1 - located in descending and ascending
type 2 - found in thin descending
type 3 - found in thin descending and medulla
type 4 - found at the bend

Question 18

medullary loop functions

Answer 18

functions as counter current multiplier system to determine osmolarity

Question 19

collecting ducts epithelium

Answer 19

collecting ducts - squamous to cuboidal

medullary collecting ducts - simple cuboidal to columnal

Question 20

which renal artery is higher than the other

Answer 20

left,

right renal artery passes posterior to ivc

Question 21

ureteric vasculature

Answer 21

upper end - renal arteries
middle - branches of abdominal aorta, testicular, ovarian, common iliac
pelvic cavity - internal iliac and its branches

Question 22

ureter innervation

Answer 22

renal, aortic, superior hypogastric, inferior hypogastric plexuses