histology of liver disease Flashcards
describe neutrophils
polylobate nuclei - 3-5
key cells of acute inflammation - eg in appendicitis
this is reflected in the blood and in the tissue
describe lymphocytes and plasma cells
have big nucleus - small cytoplasm
bigger than RBC
part of chronic inflammation
if lots of lymphocytes - think lymphoma
when would you have lots of neutrophils and lymphocytes
when there is acute on chronic inflammation ie acute exacerbations
appearance of lymphoma
Sheets of lymphocytes that all look the same = monoclonal proliferations – genetically identical
macrophages with debris inside are present
describe eosinophils
o Bilobed
o Granules
when would you see eosinophils
o Allergic rn – asthma, hayfever, drugs – eosinophil in tissue and eosinophilia
o Parasitic infections – because of T cell reaction, in tissue and in blood
o Tumours – hodgkins disease – has background of reactive cells, response to the disease – part of immune response to tumour
describe eosinophilic oesophagitis
rings down oesophagus lymphocytes granulocytes with bilobed nuclei form microabscess (in pic) allergy to ingested ag treated by dietry modulation and steroids
describe mast cells
granulated
large nuclei
sheet of uniform mast cells = allergic
what can you see on the skin from condition with raised mast cells
Raised red, flat lesions – urticaria – kind of allergic rn
describe macrophages
o Cells lots of cytoplasm
o Major func – phagocytosis, clear debris, ingest bacteria
o Late acute inflammation – clear debris
o Chronic inflamm – including granulomas
how can you tell whether a sputum specimen is from the mouth or the bronchi
Macrophages black – because carbon debris taken into lungs phagocytosed by macrophages
If see them in sputum – know actual specimen – macrophage from alveoli
summarise granulomas
cells are derived from macrophages
in chronic inflammation
driven by Th cells
macrophages become secretory - get more protein synthesising organelles (golgi and RER) = more cytoplasm = look like epithelial cells
therefore called epithelioid macrophages = epithelioid granuloma
giant cells
lymphocytes - chronic inflammation
what are giant cells
have multiple nuclei
feature of granuloma
derived from macrophafes - fused together to form giant cells
what are the necessary characteristics of granuloma
epithelioid macrophages
giant cells are extra - it is granuloma with or w/o them
what is Ziehl Neelson
Acid fast stain
see acid fast bacilli in the granulomas
what are the types of tumours
carcinomas sarcomas lymphoma melanoma etc
types of carcinomas
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
summarise squamous cell carcinoma
Keratin production (in moist env, eg oesophagus, the cells don't normally make keratin but they can) Intercellular bridges - barrier cells
sites of common squamous cell carcinomas
skin head and neck oesophagus anus cervix vagina
summarise adenocarcinoma
tumour of the glandular epithelium - secrete and form glands
mucin production - if do mucin stain you can see the mucin production
sites of adenocarcinoma
lung breast stomach colon pancreas
summarise transitional cell ca
Ureter, bladder, prox urethra – in urinary tract
summarise pigmented skin
melanocytes are scattered along the BM
characteristics of malignant melanoma
irregular edge, raised, itchy, bleeding, grown
