Histology of Kidney & Ureters

Question 1

fibroblasts, collagen and myofibroblasts are found in which layer of the kidney

Answer 1

Capsule

Question 2

Each nephron plus a collecting duct is called a _____

Answer 2

Uriniferous tubule

Question 3

Each pyramid, its associated cortical tissue, and a half of each adjacent renal column is called a ______

Answer 3

Kidney lobe

Question 4

A collecting duct (in a medullary ray) and the nephrons that it drains is called a _____

Answer 4

Kidney lobule

Question 5

Two main components of a renal corpuscle

Answer 5

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Question 6

Modified cells in the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 6

Podocytes

Question 7

Cell type found in the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

Simple squamous

Question 8

True or False:

glomerular capillaries are not fenestrated

Answer 8

False.

They contain fenestrations with no diaphragms

Question 9

The foot processes of podocytes are also called _____

Answer 9

Pedicels

Question 10

Filtration slits between adjacent pedicels are know as ____

Answer 10

slit diaphragms

Question 11

Glomerular filtration increases when there is a mutation in the nephrin gene - why?

Answer 11

Nephrin is a protein that makes slit diaphragms so if there are less diaphragms there will be more filtration

Question 12

A defect in Type IV collagen would affect which structure in the glomerular apparatus

Answer 12

Glomerular basement membrane

remember Type IV collagen is always found in basement membranes

Question 13

Which layer of the glomerular basement membrane supports the podocytes

Answer 13

lamina rara externa

Question 14

Which layer of the glomerular basement membrane is under the endothelium

Answer 14

lamina rara interna

Question 15

What is the name of the middle layer of the glomerular basement membrane

Answer 15

lamina densa

Question 16

Glomerular filtration increases when podocytes become injured- why?

Answer 16

Less podocytes would allow for more protein to pass through the membrane, leading to increased filtration

Question 17

Which cell type of the kidney is needed for phagocytosis, cell repair and change in diameter of glomerular capillarie

Answer 17

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 18

Cells located outside the corpuscle along the vascular pole

Answer 18

Extraglomerular mesangial cells (Lacis cells)

Question 19

Which part of the kidney has cuboidal cells, brush border with long, closely paced microvilli, junctional complexes and vertical mitochondria

Answer 19

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 20

Uromodulin is secreted from the epithelium of which structure in the kidney

Answer 20

Loop of Henle

Question 21

Another name for Uromodulin

Answer 21

(Tamm-Horsfall protein

Question 22

What is the mechanism by which uromodulin prevents kidney stones

Answer 22

It inhibits the aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals

Question 23

Which part of the Loop of Henle contains aquaporin channels

Answer 23

thin descending segment

Question 24

Which part of the Loop of Henle is impermeable to water but reabsorbs salts

Answer 24

thin ascending segment

Question 25

Which cells contact the afferent (and efferent) glomerular arteriole, are tall, thin cells & whose nuclei are close to one another

Answer 25

Macula densa

Question 26

The macula densa are modified cells in which part of the kidney

Answer 26

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

Which 3 cells make up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 27

• Macula densa (MD)
• Juxtaglomerular cells
• Extraglomerular mesangial (Lacis) cells

Question 28

Which cells in the kidney function by monitoring sodium and chloride levels

Answer 28

Macula densa cells

Question 29

Which cells in the kidney function by secreting renin

Answer 29

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 30

Which cells in the kidney are responsible for transmission of a signal arising to the macula densa about contraction/relaxation

Answer 30

Extraglomerular mesangial (Lacis) cells

Question 31

Which cells of the collecting duct are the primary target of aldosterone

Answer 31

Principal cells

Question 32

Which cells of the collecting duct do acid base regulation

Answer 32

intercalated cells

Question 33

three layers of the urinary passages

Answer 33

mucosa
musculosa
adventitia

Question 34

What is the cell type of uroepithelium

Answer 34

transitional epitheliium

Question 35

Plaques and fusiform vesicles are found in which types of cells

Answer 35

Dome shaped cells of the transitional epithelium

Question 36

Which additional cell layer is present only at the distal end of the ureter

Answer 36

outer longitudinal layer

Question 37

Which surface of the ureter is the only surface covered by peritoneum

Answer 37

Anteromedial surface