Anatomy of Bladder and Urethra

Question 1

The urinary bladder is posterior to which structure

Answer 1

pubic symphysis

Question 2

What are the 3 orifices of the bladder

Answer 2

2 ureteral

1 urethral

Question 3

What is the name of the smooth muscle of the bladder

Answer 3

detrusor muscle

Question 4

the neck of the bladder is continuous with which structure

Answer 4

Urethra

Question 5

Which structure is at the apex of the bladder

Answer 5

median umbilical ligament

Question 6

the remnant of which embryological structure is found at the apex of the bladder

Answer 6

Allantois

Question 7

Which surface of the bladder is covered by peritoneum

Answer 7

superior surface

Question 8

As the bladder fills in which direction does it expand?

Answer 8

superiorly into extraperitoneal fatty tissue of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 9

In males, the neck of bladder rests on which structure

Answer 9

the prostate

Question 10

In females, the neck of bladder rests on which structure

Answer 10

urogenital diaphragm

Question 11

In males, which structures lie posterior to the bladder

Answer 11

rectovesical pouch, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, rectovesical fascia and rectum

Question 12

In females, which structures lie posterior to the bladder

Answer 12

supravaginal part of cervix

Question 13

Which structure is lateral to the bladder

Answer 13

obturator internus muscle above levator ani muscle

Question 14

In females, which structure is superior to the bladder

Answer 14

uterovesical pouch and body of uterus

Question 15

What are the urinary bladder ligaments in males

Answer 15

Median umbilical ligament

Puboprostatic ligaments

A pair of lateral ligaments

Question 16

What are the urinary bladder ligaments in females

Answer 16

Median umbilical ligament

pubovesical ligaments

A pair of lateral ligaments

Question 17

Which ligament extends from the bladder neck to the symphysis pubis

Answer 17

The Puboprostatic/ pubovesical ligaments

Question 18

Which ligament extends as a sheet from the inferolateral surface of the bladder to the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia

Answer 18

lateral ligaments

Question 19

Which artery supplies the anterosuperior part urinary bladder

Answer 19

Superior Vesical Arteries

Question 20

Arteries that supply the bladder are branches of which main artery

Answer 20

Internal iliac arteries

Question 21

In males, the fundus and neck of the bladder are supplied by which arteries

Answer 21

Inferior vesical arteries

Question 22

In females, the posterior inferior part of the bladder are supplied by which arteries

Answer 22

vaginal arteries

Question 23

In males, the vesical venous plexus is continuous with which plexus?

Answer 23

prostatic venous plexus

Question 24

Which lymph nodes drain the superior part of the bladder

Answer 24

external iliac

Question 25

Which lymph nodes drain theinferior part of the bladder

Answer 25

internal iliac

Question 26

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply of the bladder

Answer 26

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 and S4)

Question 27

Which nerve supply is motor to the detrusor muscle, and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

Answer 27

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 and S4)

Question 28

Which nerve supply facilitates micturition

Answer 28

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 and S4)

Question 29

Which nerve supply inhibits micturition

Answer 29

Sympathetic: T11- L2 or L3 vesical (pelvic) plexus through hypogastric plexus

Question 30

Which nerve causes contraction of internal sphincter, ejaculation of semen in and prevent reflux of semen into bladder

Answer 30

Sympathetic: T11- L2 or L3 vesical (pelvic) plexus through hypogastric plexus

Question 31

The hypogastric plexus contain _______ (sympathetic/parasympathetic) nerve fibers

Answer 31

Sympathetic

Question 32

Which nerve controls the external urethral sphincter

Answer 32

Pudendal nerve

Question 33

Clinical importance of a cystoscopy

Answer 33

Observation of interior of the urinary bladder and the 3 orifices

Question 34

If urine is present in the peritoneal cavity, which surface of the bladder has ruptured?

Answer 34

Superior surface (an intraperitoneal rupture)

Question 35

If urine is present between the peritoneum and anterior abdominal wall, what kind of rupture has occurred?

Answer 35

Extraperitoneal rupture

Question 36

What are the 3 portions of the male urethra?

Answer 36

prostatic portion membranous portion penile/spongy portion

Question 37

Which portion of the male urethra is the widest and most dilatable portion of urethra

Answer 37

Prostatic portion of urethra

Question 38

Which portion of the male urethra lies in urogenital diaphragm and is the shortest and least dilatable portion

Answer 38

Membranous urethra

Question 39

Which portion of the male urethra is surrounded by corpus spongiosum

Answer 39

Penile /spongy urethra

Question 40

Which glands open into the penile portion of the urethra

Answer 40

Bulbourethral glands

Question 41

What is the arterial supply of the make urethra

Answer 41

inferior vesicle, middle rectal and internal pudendal

Question 42

Which portions of the male urethra drain into internal and external iliac nodes

Answer 42

Prostatic and membranous

Question 43

Which portions of the male urethra drain into deep inguinal and sometimes drain into external iliac nodes

Answer 43

Spongy portion

Question 44

Which feature of the female urethra predisposes women to and increased risk of UTI

Answer 44

Length, it is shorter than the ale urethra

Question 45

Which glands in females open via common para-urethral ducts on either side of the external urethral orifice

Answer 45

Urethral glands

Question 46

Which arteries supply the female urethra

Answer 46

Internal pudendal, vaginal arteries

Question 47

Lymphatic drainage of the female lymph nodes

Answer 47

Sacral, internal iliac and few into inguinal lymph nodes

Question 48

Which urethral sphincter is voluntarily controlled

Answer 48

external sphincter

Question 49

Which muscle is a part of the internal urethral sphincter

Answer 49

detrusor muscle

Question 50

Weakness in which urethral sphincter results in urinary incontinence

Answer 50

external sphincter

Question 51

What kind f injury could lead to fluid passing superiorly through the urogenital hiatus & distribute extraperitoneally around prostate and bladder

Answer 51

Fracture of pelvic girdle: leading to rupture of intermediate part of urethra

Question 52

The hypogastric plexus prevents semen from entering the bladder during ejaculation by _______ (para/sympathetic) control of the _______ (internal/external) sphincter

Answer 52

Sympathetic control Internal sphincter

Question 53

What are the three orifices that can be viewed during a cyctoscopy

Answer 53

2 ureteric orifices and 1 urethral orifice