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My Renal > Embryology and Anatomy of Kidney & Ureters > Flashcards

Embryology and Anatomy of Kidney & Ureters Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital system develops from which germ layer

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

excretory duct of the urinary and genital system opens into this common cavity

A

Cloaca

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3
Q

Components of the nephrogenic cord

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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4
Q

Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct persists in males as

A

epididymis, ductus deference & ejaculatory duct

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5
Q

Component of the nephrogenic cord that will form the adult kidney

A

Metanephros

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6
Q

The first embryological derivative of the adult kidney is formed during which week

A

5th week

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7
Q

The mesonephric duct forms which part of the adult kidney

A

Collecting part

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8
Q

The metanephric duct forms which part of the adult kidney

A

Excretory part

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9
Q

The ureteric bud come from which embryological derivative

A

mesonephric duct

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10
Q

Which structure of the nephron is the first that comes form the ureteric bud

A

Collecting duct

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11
Q

Fetal kidneys become functional at which ____ week

A

12th

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12
Q

Wilms tumor

  • affects which population?
  • mutation of which gene?
A
  • Children under 5yrs

- mutation in WT 1

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13
Q

Polycystic kidney

  • presentation?
  • basis for absence of collecting ducts
A
  • Numerous ducts are surrounded by undifferentiated cells
  • Nephrons fail to develop
  • Ureteric bud fail to branch hence collecting ducts never form
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14
Q

Renal agenesis

  • two causes?
  • mutation in which gene?
A

Due to failure of ureteric bud to develop

OR

Due to interaction between metanephric mesoderm & ureteric bud fails to occur

  • Mutation of GDNF gene
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15
Q

Potters sequence

  • what is it?
  • reason for anuria and oligohydramnios
A

Bilateral renal agenesis

  • Anuria because of the lack of kidneys, urine cannot be made
  • Oligohydramnios because a lack of kidneys prevents recycling of amniotic fluid so amniotic fluid becomes low.
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16
Q

Two types of Duplication of ureters

A

Partial and incomplete

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17
Q

Final vertebral location of kidneys in adults

A

T12 to L3

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18
Q

Arterial supply of kidneys while in pelvis fetally

A

Pelvis branches of aorta

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19
Q

Pelvic kidney

- cause?

A

Failure of ascent from pelvic position to abdomen

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20
Q

Horseshoe kidney

  • presentation?
  • cause?
A
  • Inferior poles of both kidneys fuse

- The ascent of horseshoe kidney is prevented by the root of inferior mesenteric artery

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21
Q

Urorectal septum forms during ____ week

A

7th

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22
Q

Urorectal septum

-what it the function?

A

separate the urogenital sinus from the anal canal

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23
Q

Location of urinary bladder in urogenital sinus

A

upper part

24
Q

Location of male/female urethra in urogenital sinus

A

Middle part

25
Q

Location of primordia of penis and lower vagina in urogenital sinus

A

Lower/Phallic part

26
Q

Four parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic part
Membranous part
Penile part
Terminal part

27
Q

Allantois

-what two structures does it connect

A

upper urogenital sinus and umbilicus

28
Q

Adult remnant of allantois

A

urachus/median umbilical ligament

29
Q

Which fetal structure enter the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus to form the trigone of the bladder

A

Lower part of the Mesonephric ducts

30
Q

Urachal fistula

  • cause
  • presentation
A

Allantois persists Leading to direct communication between urinary bladder & umbilicus Urine will drain though umbilicus

31
Q

Urachal cyst

  • cause
  • presentation
A

Part of allantois fails to obliterates and develops into cystic dilatation

32
Q

Urachal sinus

  • cause
  • presentation
A

Upper part of allantois fails to obliterate Opens at the umbilicus

33
Q

Which bladder defect results in defects in external genitalia

A

Exstrophy of the cloaca

34
Q

Vertebral relation of the hilum of the kidney

A

L1-L2

35
Q

Vessels in the hilum of the kidney from anterior to posterior

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Renal pelvis

36
Q

Structures anterior to the right kidney

A 
Suprarenal gland
Liver
Duodenum
Colon (hepatic flexure)
Small intestine
37
Q

Structures anterior to the left kidney

A 
Suprarenal
Gastric area (stomach)
Spleen
Pancreas
Colon (splenic flexure)
Jejunum
38
Q

Structures posterior to the kidney

A

Diaphragm
Psoas major (medial)
Quadratus lumborum

39
Q

Which part of the kidney receives urine from the collecting ducts

A

Minor calyx

40
Q

branches of arteries in the kidneys beginning from renal artery

A

renal –> segmental –>interlobar –> arcuate –> cortical radiate arteries

41
Q

venous drainage in the kidneys beginning from the venules

A

venules –> cortical radiate arteries –> arcuate veins –> interlobar veins –> renal vein

42
Q

kidney referred pain goes to which dermatomes

A

T11- L2

43
Q

Left renal vein is susceptible to compression by which vessel

A

Superior mesenteric artery

44
Q

The left renal veins also drains blood from which two organs

A

Left gonadal and left suprarenal

45
Q

The ureters descend on the ventral surface of which muscle

A

psoas major

46
Q

Structures anterior to the right ureter

A

duodenum, terminal ileum, right ileocolic vessels, right gonadal vessels, root of mesentery

47
Q

Structures posterior to the right ureter

A

Right psoas muscle, right common iliac artery

48
Q

Structures anterior to the left ureter

A

sigmoid colon and sigmoid mesocolon, left colic vessels, left gonadal vessels

49
Q

Structures posterior to the left ureter

A

left psoas muscle, left common iliac artery

50
Q

In females, the ureters are _____ (position) to the suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

Medial

51
Q

In females, the ureters are _____ (position) to the uterine arteries

A

Inferior

52
Q

In males, the ureters are _____ and ____ (position) to the ductus deferens

A

posterolateral and inferior

53
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the kidneys

A

lateral aortic and iliac nodes

54
Q

Which hypogastric plexus (superior or inferior) is made up of both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

55
Q

What are the constrictions of the ureter?

A
  • uretopelvic junction
  • at the pelvic brim
  • ureter-bladder
56
Q

The ureteric bud gives rise to which structures

A

Collecting duct App.. 1-3million collecting tubules Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter

57
Q

The metanephric mesoderm gives rise to which structures

A

Renal glomerulus Renal (Bowman’s) capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule
Connecting tubule

My Renal (9 decks)

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