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Module 10 > Histology of Blood Vessels: Structure & Function > Flashcards

Histology of Blood Vessels: Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the classifications of blood vessels and their function

A
  1. elastic arteries: conducting
  2. muscular arteries: distributing
  3. arterioles: resistance (to flow/regulate)
  4. metarterioles: resistance (to flow/regulate)
  5. capillaries: exchange
  6. sinusoids: exchange
  7. post capillary venules: capacitance (reservoir)
  8. muscular venules: capacitance (reservoir)
  9. veins: capacitance (reservoir)
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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessel

A
  1. tunica adventitia
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica intima
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3
Q

what are blood vessels lined with

A

endothelium

low frictional resistance

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4
Q

what is the aorta an example of

A

elastic artery

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5
Q

what is the function of aorta

A

conducting blood at high pressure

elastic component/shock absorber/dampens pulsatory blood flow

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6
Q

what is the main structural component of the aorta

A

tunica media

with high amount elastic laminae (fenestrated so things can pass through)

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7
Q

what are the structural components of the aorta

A
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8
Q

what is vasa vasorum

A

small blood vessels in the adventita –> nourish outer 2/3 of media and adventitia in aorta

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9
Q

how do muscular arteries change from other organs

A

blood flow changes with activity –> diverted from other organs

constriction of muscular distributing ateries (and arterioles) and dilation of vessels supplying muscles

cardiac output increased

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of a muscular artery

A

intima

prominent internal elastic lamina between intima and media (ex. elastic lamina larger vessels)

media: mainly small muscle under control of sympathetic system + elastic fibres
adventitia: connective tissue and vaso vasorum

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11
Q

what is the function of muscular artery

A

distribution in relation to varying demand

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12
Q

what are the structures of muscular artery

A

1,2. tunica intema (1. endothelium, 2. inner elastic membrane)

  1. tunica media
  2. tunica adventitia
  3. vaso vasorum
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13
Q

what are the structures of the muscular arteries

A
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14
Q

what are the structures of the muscular artery

A
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15
Q

what is the structure of arterioles

A
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16
Q

how is the structure of arterioles associated with function

A
  1. peripheral resistance to slow rate of flow and cause drop in BP
  2. regulation of amount of blood entering capillary bed
  3. metarteriole (terminal) - 1 layer SM –> linking the arteriole system and leading into the capilarry bed, terminal part of blood vascular system that is responsible for delievering the blood to the capillary bed
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17
Q

what are the structures

A

arteriole: 2 layers of smooth muscle, round, quite small

lymphatic structure

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18
Q

what are the structures of microcirculation

A
  1. arteriole
  2. venule
  3. communicating (low resistance) channel
  4. closed capillaries
  5. open capillaries
  6. precapillary sphincters
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19
Q

what type of microcirculation is this

A

precapillary AV (arteriovenous) anastomosis (skin and small intestine)

  1. artery (metarteriole)
  2. vein
  3. arteriovenous anastomosis
  4. capillary plexus
20
Q

what are these other types of microcirculation

A
  1. arterial portal system: ex. kidney glomerulus
  2. venous portal system: ex. hepatic portal system liver
21
Q

what are the general structure of capillaries

A
22
Q

what is the pericyte in capillaries

A

not a functioning role –> but does contract

stem cell and can differentiate into smooth muscle if it recieves the right signals

23
Q

what are the structure and functional considerations of capillaries

A

adapted to maximize exchange

thin wall –> high SA:volume ration

2 way exchange between plasma and tissue fluid

24
Q

what are the structures

A

red blood cell in capilllary

25
Q

what are the different types of capillary structures

A
  1. continuous capillaries
  2. fenestrated (porous) capillaries
  3. sinusoids (liver and spleen)
26
Q

what are the structure of continuous capillaries

A

majority

variably permeable

27
Q

what is the structure of fenestrated capillaries

A

glomerulus of kidney

clusters of larger openings –> pores of fenestra

the wall of the cells is leaky and junctional complexes are leaky

rapid exchange of material

28
Q

what is the structure of sinusoids

A

liver and spleen

discontinuous endothelium

absence basal lamina

large holes in wall

lost the outer basement membrane covering

29
Q

what is the function of the venous system

A

capacitance/storage

>60% total blood volume

30
Q

what are these structures

A

post capillary and muscular venules

31
Q

what is the function of the muscular venules

A

capacitance

32
Q

what are post capillary venules

A

pericytes/important in inflammatory response (diapedisis)

33
Q

what is the structure of muscular venule

A

small muscle in media/capacitance

34
Q

what is the difference in the structure of artery and vein

A

vein: designed for capacitance –> thin wall with respect to lumen, no internal elastic lamina, media thin, valves in larger veins

artery: media is by far the thickest, internal elastic lamina not found in vein,

both: endothelium, media, adventitia

35
Q

identify the vein and artery

A

A: artery –> 3 layers of smooth muscle, round

B: venule –> flimsy and not round (doesn’t hold shape), intima = darker layer is not as thick as in the arteriole

36
Q

what are the structures

A
37
Q

what is the structure of valves in the larger peripheral veins

A

flaps lined with endothelium

38
Q

what is the function of valves in larger peripheral veins

A

prevent back flow/pressure

act as muscular pumps

39
Q

what are the structures of the large veins (ex. caudal vena cava)

A
40
Q

what are the features of adventitia in the caudal vena cava

A

bundles longditudinal –> small muscle propulsion

spiral network of collagen bundles interwoven with elastic fibres (action diaphragm)

cardiac muscle in media near heart

41
Q

what do lymphatic vessels begin as

A

lymphatic capillaries

42
Q

what are lymphatic vessels lined by

A

endothelium (simple squamous)

43
Q

what do lymphatic vessels lack

A

basal lamina

44
Q

what are the walls of lymphatic vessels

A

thin walled like veins

45
Q

do lymphatic vessels contain valves

A

yes

46
Q

what do lymphatic vessels carry

A

lymph from tissues all the way to the heart and dumped back into vascular system through the thoracic duct/treacheal duct/right lymphatic duct

47
Q

what are the structures

A

Module 10 (27 decks)

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