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Module 10 > Histology of Blood Vessels: Structure & Function > Flashcards

Histology of Blood Vessels: Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the classifications of blood vessels and their function

A
  1. elastic arteries: conducting
  2. muscular arteries: distributing
  3. arterioles: resistance (to flow/regulate)
  4. metarterioles: resistance (to flow/regulate)
  5. capillaries: exchange
  6. sinusoids: exchange
  7. post capillary venules: capacitance (reservoir)
  8. muscular venules: capacitance (reservoir)
  9. veins: capacitance (reservoir)
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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessel

A
  1. tunica adventitia
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica intima
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3
Q

what are blood vessels lined with

A

endothelium

low frictional resistance

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4
Q

what is the aorta an example of

A

elastic artery

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5
Q

what is the function of aorta

A

conducting blood at high pressure

elastic component/shock absorber/dampens pulsatory blood flow

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6
Q

what is the main structural component of the aorta

A

tunica media

with high amount elastic laminae (fenestrated so things can pass through)

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7
Q

what are the structural components of the aorta

A
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8
Q

what is vasa vasorum

A

small blood vessels in the adventita –> nourish outer 2/3 of media and adventitia in aorta

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9
Q

how do muscular arteries change from other organs

A

blood flow changes with activity –> diverted from other organs

constriction of muscular distributing ateries (and arterioles) and dilation of vessels supplying muscles

cardiac output increased

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of a muscular artery

A

intima

prominent internal elastic lamina between intima and media (ex. elastic lamina larger vessels)

media: mainly small muscle under control of sympathetic system + elastic fibres
adventitia: connective tissue and vaso vasorum

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11
Q

what is the function of muscular artery

A

distribution in relation to varying demand

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12
Q

what are the structures of muscular artery

A

1,2. tunica intema (1. endothelium, 2. inner elastic membrane)

  1. tunica media
  2. tunica adventitia
  3. vaso vasorum
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13
Q

what are the structures of the muscular arteries

A
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14
Q

what are the structures of the muscular artery

A
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15
Q

what is the structure of arterioles

A
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16
Q

how is the structure of arterioles associated with function

A
  1. peripheral resistance to slow rate of flow and cause drop in BP
  2. regulation of amount of blood entering capillary bed
  3. metarteriole (terminal) - 1 layer SM –> linking the arteriole system and leading into the capilarry bed, terminal part of blood vascular system that is responsible for delievering the blood to the capillary bed
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17
Q

what are the structures

A

arteriole: 2 layers of smooth muscle, round, quite small

lymphatic structure

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18
Q

what are the structures of microcirculation

A
  1. arteriole
  2. venule
  3. communicating (low resistance) channel
  4. closed capillaries
  5. open capillaries
  6. precapillary sphincters
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19
Q

what type of microcirculation is this

A

precapillary AV (arteriovenous) anastomosis (skin and small intestine)

  1. artery (metarteriole)
  2. vein
  3. arteriovenous anastomosis
  4. capillary plexus
20
Q

what are these other types of microcirculation

A
  1. arterial portal system: ex. kidney glomerulus
  2. venous portal system: ex. hepatic portal system liver
21
Q

what are the general structure of capillaries

22
Q

what is the pericyte in capillaries

A

not a functioning role –> but does contract

stem cell and can differentiate into smooth muscle if it recieves the right signals

23
Q

what are the structure and functional considerations of capillaries

A

adapted to maximize exchange

thin wall –> high SA:volume ration

2 way exchange between plasma and tissue fluid

24
Q

what are the structures

A

red blood cell in capilllary

25
what are the different types of capillary structures
1. continuous capillaries 2. fenestrated (porous) capillaries 3. sinusoids (liver and spleen)
26
what are the structure of continuous capillaries
majority variably permeable
27
what is the structure of fenestrated capillaries
glomerulus of kidney clusters of larger openings --\> pores of fenestra the wall of the cells is leaky and junctional complexes are leaky rapid exchange of material
28
what is the structure of sinusoids
liver and spleen discontinuous endothelium absence basal lamina large holes in wall lost the outer basement membrane covering
29
what is the function of the venous system
capacitance/storage \>60% total blood volume
30
what are these structures
post capillary and muscular venules
31
what is the function of the muscular venules
capacitance
32
what are post capillary venules
pericytes/important in inflammatory response (diapedisis)
33
what is the structure of muscular venule
small muscle in media/capacitance
34
what is the difference in the structure of artery and vein
**vein:** designed for capacitance --\> thin wall with respect to lumen, no internal elastic lamina, media thin, valves in larger veins **artery:** media is by far the thickest, internal elastic lamina not found in vein, **both:** endothelium, media, adventitia
35
identify the vein and artery
A: artery --\> 3 layers of smooth muscle, round B: venule --\> flimsy and not round (doesn't hold shape), intima = darker layer is not as thick as in the arteriole
36
what are the structures
37
what is the structure of valves in the larger peripheral veins
flaps lined with endothelium
38
what is the function of valves in larger peripheral veins
prevent back flow/pressure act as muscular pumps
39
what are the structures of the large veins (ex. caudal vena cava)
40
what are the features of adventitia in the caudal vena cava
bundles longditudinal --\> small muscle propulsion spiral network of collagen bundles interwoven with elastic fibres (action diaphragm) cardiac muscle in media near heart
41
what do lymphatic vessels begin as
lymphatic capillaries
42
what are lymphatic vessels lined by
endothelium (simple squamous)
43
what do lymphatic vessels lack
basal lamina
44
what are the walls of lymphatic vessels
thin walled like veins
45
do lymphatic vessels contain valves
yes
46
what do lymphatic vessels carry
lymph from tissues all the way to the heart and dumped back into vascular system through the thoracic duct/treacheal duct/right lymphatic duct
47
what are the structures

Module 10 (27 decks)

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