Histology- Basic Concepts Flashcards
definition of histology
the study of the microscopic structure and function of normal cells, extracellular matrix, tissues and organs
histology has a relation to other areas of normal body structures
biochem (molecular level), physiology (functions), gross anatomy and embryology and cell biology
histology relation to areas of abnormal structures
pathology
building units of the human body
molecules- (the rest are histology) cells and matrix- tissues - organs
what are molecules
water, proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, and minerals
how many types of cells
200
tissue types
nervous, connective, muscle and epithelial
what does the prototypical cell consist of? (12)
nucleus (dna) - nucleolus (rna) cytoplasm that holds the organelles: -mitochondria powerhouse -ribosomes protein synthesis -endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) -golgi organ/apparatus (protein packaging) -secretory vesicles (proteins exported) -lysosome (digest and degrade) - cytoskeleton (movement and support) cytosol
cell variation
differ in size, shape, metabolic state, numbers and types of organelles. functions dictates structure
metabolic state
quiescent (low) normal (steady state) active (a lot of work)
atrophy
when the cell shrinks and maybe quiescent
hypotrophy
when the cell is large and maybe active
euchromatin
normal, good nucleus
heterochromatin
when a nucleus is small and densely colored
Electron microscopy
high resolution and magnification, color scheme is black and can see all organelles
Light mircroscopy
have stain types Hemotoxylin and eosin.
Light micro color code
blue- DNA and RNA (very dark sometimes black)
Pink- protiens of all sorts
Clear- lipids, h2o, carbs
Extracellular matrix
same as intercellular matrix, non-cellular material surrounding cells amounts are just how much is needed depending on gaps
ECM compostition
H2O, electrolytes, sodium potassium, chloride, metabolites and protiens.
may be fluid- water, electrolytes and proteins
semifluid/gel- h2o electrolytes glycoprotiens and protien fibers
solid- h2o ,electrolytes, minerals, and protein fibers.
Cells> matrix
highly cellular tissues ex. skin, muscle digestive tract wall
Matrix> cells
poorly cellular tissues ex. blood, connective tissue cartilage bones and teeth
tissues
composed of cells and ecm
epithelium
covers body surfaces, internal and external. includes glands.
connective tissues
connects/ spans between other tissues high ration of ecm
muscle
contractile
nervous
conducts electrical impulses
organs
composed of multiple tissues example is a blood vessel
