Histology- Basic Concepts

Question 1

definition of histology

Answer 1

the study of the microscopic structure and function of normal cells, extracellular matrix, tissues and organs

Question 2

histology has a relation to other areas of normal body structures

Answer 2

biochem (molecular level), physiology (functions), gross anatomy and embryology and cell biology

Question 3

histology relation to areas of abnormal structures

Answer 3

pathology

Question 4

building units of the human body

Answer 4

molecules- (the rest are histology) cells and matrix- tissues - organs

Question 5

what are molecules

Answer 5

water, proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, and minerals

Question 6

how many types of cells

Answer 6

200

Question 7

tissue types

Answer 7

nervous, connective, muscle and epithelial

Question 8

what does the prototypical cell consist of? (12)

Answer 8

nucleus (dna) - nucleolus (rna)
cytoplasm that holds the organelles:
-mitochondria powerhouse
-ribosomes protein synthesis
-endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
-golgi organ/apparatus (protein packaging)
-secretory vesicles (proteins exported)
-lysosome (digest and degrade)
- cytoskeleton (movement and support)
cytosol

Question 9

cell variation

Answer 9

differ in size, shape, metabolic state, numbers and types of organelles. functions dictates structure

Question 10

metabolic state

Answer 10

quiescent (low) normal (steady state) active (a lot of work)

Question 11

atrophy

Answer 11

when the cell shrinks and maybe quiescent

Question 12

hypotrophy

Answer 12

when the cell is large and maybe active

Question 13

euchromatin

Answer 13

normal, good nucleus

Question 14

heterochromatin

Answer 14

when a nucleus is small and densely colored

Question 15

Electron microscopy

Answer 15

high resolution and magnification, color scheme is black and can see all organelles

Question 16

Light mircroscopy

Answer 16

have stain types Hemotoxylin and eosin.

Question 17

Light micro color code

Answer 17

blue- DNA and RNA (very dark sometimes black)
Pink- protiens of all sorts
Clear- lipids, h2o, carbs

Question 18

Extracellular matrix

Answer 18

same as intercellular matrix, non-cellular material surrounding cells amounts are just how much is needed depending on gaps

Question 19

ECM compostition

Answer 19

H2O, electrolytes, sodium potassium, chloride, metabolites and protiens.
may be fluid- water, electrolytes and proteins
semifluid/gel- h2o electrolytes glycoprotiens and protien fibers
solid- h2o ,electrolytes, minerals, and protein fibers.

Question 20

Cells> matrix

Answer 20

highly cellular tissues ex. skin, muscle digestive tract wall

Question 21

Matrix> cells

Answer 21

poorly cellular tissues ex. blood, connective tissue cartilage bones and teeth

Question 22

tissues

Answer 22

composed of cells and ecm

Question 23

epithelium

Answer 23

covers body surfaces, internal and external. includes glands.

Question 24

connective tissues

Answer 24

connects/ spans between other tissues high ration of ecm

Question 25

muscle

Answer 25

contractile

Question 26

nervous

Answer 26

conducts electrical impulses

Question 27

organs

Answer 27

composed of multiple tissues example is a blood vessel