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ADAT Study > Histology and Embryology Part 1 > Flashcards

Histology and Embryology Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Smaalest Structures and e3lf contained units

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2
Q

Differentiation

A

recognize eachother and group togerher

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3
Q

ORganization of chemicals

A

Appear in early development of embryo

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4
Q

Desmosomes

A

Cell to Cell. Ameloblasts attach to cells straified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Tight Junctions

A

cell to cell. Cell membrane fused together. Adjacent odontoblasts

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6
Q

Gap Junction

A

cell to cell with channel in between for communicaiton and impulses and passage of molecules

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7
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Cell to non cell attachments

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8
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Protects cell from external environment. Selectively permeable.
Bipolar membrane and nonpolar lipids on the inside.
Pospholipids

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

gel enclosed in the cell

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell function
Store genetic information in chromosomes
Largest and densest structure
Nucleolus produces RNA
Most sensitive to radiation

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

Instracellular digestion and extracellular digestion

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12
Q

Golgi

A

Secretion of proteins made by ER to external environment. Membrane formation and recycling
Storage for newly made proteins
Synthesis of lysosomes

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough ER has ribosomes and does protein synthesis
Smooth ER does steriod synthesis

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small granules of RNA that lead to protein production

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Source of Energy and breaks down nutrients to ATP

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16
Q

Epthelial Tissue

A

Made up of Keratinocytes and replicates through mitosis

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17
Q

Functions of Epithelial Cells

A

Protection: Covers the outside of the body
Absorption: forms linig of all inner surfaces
Secretion: Forms glands

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18
Q

Epithelial Cell Specializations

A

Microvilli involved in absorption
Cilia: Surface transportation

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19
Q

Granular Tissue

A

most of glands develop from elithelial tissue
Exocrine Glands: have ducts and carry secretions
Endocrine Glands: do not have ducts and secrete hormones into blood stream

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20
Q

Surface Epithelium

A

Classified by shape and number of cell layers

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21
Q

Simple

A

Only one layer usually blood vessel or lymph vessel lining

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22
Q

Stratified

A

MAny layers, withstand friction.
Oral Mucosa

23
Q

Simple Squamous

A

found in walls of vessels

24
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

One cubical layer. Ducts of glands and ovaries

25
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Line intestines and have micro villi

26
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

Most common
Oral cavity and skin

27
Q

Stratified columnar

A

line ducts of major salivary gland

28
Q

Psuedo-stratified columnar

A

appears stratified
Trechea

29
Q

Transitional

A

resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cubiodal
Urinary tract

30
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce melanin
Pigmentation

31
Q

Inflammatory Cells

A

Transient and associated with inflammation

32
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Antigen presenting cells for immune system

33
Q

Merkel Cells

A

mechano-receptors
Detect sensations of touch

34
Q

Connective tissue

A

Develops from mesenchyme and functions to provide mechanical and biological support and pathways to metabolic substances

35
Q

Bone

A

hard and calcified and provide support and protection

36
Q

Cartilage

A

firm and flexible and provides support

37
Q

Blood and Lymph

A

Vascular system

38
Q

Reticular

A

Network or branching fibers
loose and elastic
provides connection between structures

39
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Where blood cells are made

40
Q

Lymphoid Tissue

A

Tonsils and lymph nodes

41
Q

Fat and adipose Tissue

A

under skin and provides insulation

42
Q

Dental Tissues

A

pulp, dentin, and cementum

43
Q

Cartilage

A

specialized to resist compression and is avascular

44
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most adundant and majority or embryonic skeleton (eventually replaced by bone). In adults it covers the surfacces of movable parts of long bone

45
Q

Fiberous Cartilage

A

Lots of collagen fibers. Found in compression and tension areas. Intervetebral discs and TMJ

46
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Increased elastic fibers. Found in areas that require recoil. External ear and epiglottis

47
Q

Bone

A

Mineralized organic matrix
Functions to provide skeletal support and protection of soft tissue. Serves as a resevvior for calcium and phospherous ions

48
Q

Compact Bone

A

Dense bone appearing solid

49
Q

Trabecular Bone

A

Less Dense. Central medullary cavity filled with red and yellow marrow and trabeculae

50
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Form Bone

51
Q

Intramembraneous Ossification

A

mesenchymal cells move closer together and develop into osteoblasts which deposit matrix

52
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

Cartilage model repalced by bone. Gain in length and diameter

53
Q

Blood and Lymph

A

Vascular System develops from mesenchymal cells that come together to form tubes of endothelial cells.

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