Histology and Embryology Part 1

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Smaalest Structures and e3lf contained units

Question 2

Differentiation

Answer 2

recognize eachother and group togerher

Question 3

ORganization of chemicals

Answer 3

Appear in early development of embryo

Question 4

Desmosomes

Answer 4

Cell to Cell. Ameloblasts attach to cells straified squamous epithelium

Question 5

Tight Junctions

Answer 5

cell to cell. Cell membrane fused together. Adjacent odontoblasts

Question 6

Gap Junction

Answer 6

cell to cell with channel in between for communicaiton and impulses and passage of molecules

Question 7

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 7

Cell to non cell attachments

Question 8

Cell Membrane

Answer 8

Protects cell from external environment. Selectively permeable.
Bipolar membrane and nonpolar lipids on the inside.
Pospholipids

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

gel enclosed in the cell

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Controls cell function
Store genetic information in chromosomes
Largest and densest structure
Nucleolus produces RNA
Most sensitive to radiation

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Instracellular digestion and extracellular digestion

Question 12

Golgi

Answer 12

Secretion of proteins made by ER to external environment. Membrane formation and recycling
Storage for newly made proteins
Synthesis of lysosomes

Question 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 13

Rough ER has ribosomes and does protein synthesis
Smooth ER does steriod synthesis

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Small granules of RNA that lead to protein production

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Source of Energy and breaks down nutrients to ATP

Question 16

Epthelial Tissue

Answer 16

Made up of Keratinocytes and replicates through mitosis

Question 17

Functions of Epithelial Cells

Answer 17

Protection: Covers the outside of the body
Absorption: forms linig of all inner surfaces
Secretion: Forms glands

Question 18

Epithelial Cell Specializations

Answer 18

Microvilli involved in absorption
Cilia: Surface transportation

Question 19

Granular Tissue

Answer 19

most of glands develop from elithelial tissue
Exocrine Glands: have ducts and carry secretions
Endocrine Glands: do not have ducts and secrete hormones into blood stream

Question 20

Surface Epithelium

Answer 20

Classified by shape and number of cell layers

Question 21

Simple

Answer 21

Only one layer usually blood vessel or lymph vessel lining

Question 22

Stratified

Answer 22

MAny layers, withstand friction.
Oral Mucosa

Question 23

Simple Squamous

Answer 23

found in walls of vessels

Question 24

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 24

One cubical layer. Ducts of glands and ovaries

Question 25

Simple Columnar

Answer 25

Line intestines and have micro villi

Question 26

Stratified Squamous

Answer 26

Most common Oral cavity and skin

Question 27

Stratified columnar

Answer 27

line ducts of major salivary gland

Question 28

Psuedo-stratified columnar

Answer 28

appears stratified Trechea

Question 29

Transitional

Answer 29

resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cubiodal Urinary tract

Question 30

Melanocytes

Answer 30

produce melanin Pigmentation

Question 31

Inflammatory Cells

Answer 31

Transient and associated with inflammation

Question 32

Langerhans Cells

Answer 32

Antigen presenting cells for immune system

Question 33

Merkel Cells

Answer 33

mechano-receptors Detect sensations of touch

Question 34

Connective tissue

Answer 34

Develops from mesenchyme and functions to provide mechanical and biological support and pathways to metabolic substances

Question 35

Bone

Answer 35

hard and calcified and provide support and protection

Question 36

Cartilage

Answer 36

firm and flexible and provides support

Question 37

Blood and Lymph

Answer 37

Vascular system

Question 38

Reticular

Answer 38

Network or branching fibers loose and elastic provides connection between structures

Question 39

Bone Marrow

Answer 39

Where blood cells are made

Question 40

Lymphoid Tissue

Answer 40

Tonsils and lymph nodes

Question 41

Fat and adipose Tissue

Answer 41

under skin and provides insulation

Question 42

Dental Tissues

Answer 42

pulp, dentin, and cementum

Question 43

Cartilage

Answer 43

specialized to resist compression and is avascular

Question 44

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 44

Most adundant and majority or embryonic skeleton (eventually replaced by bone). In adults it covers the surfacces of movable parts of long bone

Question 45

Fiberous Cartilage

Answer 45

Lots of collagen fibers. Found in compression and tension areas. Intervetebral discs and TMJ

Question 46

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 46

Increased elastic fibers. Found in areas that require recoil. External ear and epiglottis

Question 47

Bone

Answer 47

Mineralized organic matrix Functions to provide skeletal support and protection of soft tissue. Serves as a resevvior for calcium and phospherous ions

Question 48

Compact Bone

Answer 48

Dense bone appearing solid

Question 49

Trabecular Bone

Answer 49

Less Dense. Central medullary cavity filled with red and yellow marrow and trabeculae

Question 50

Osteoblasts

Answer 50

Form Bone

Question 51

Intramembraneous Ossification

Answer 51

mesenchymal cells move closer together and develop into osteoblasts which deposit matrix

Question 52

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 52

Cartilage model repalced by bone. Gain in length and diameter

Question 53

Blood and Lymph

Answer 53

Vascular System develops from mesenchymal cells that come together to form tubes of endothelial cells.