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ADAT Study > Head and Neck Part 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Passes throught the body front to back and creates right and left

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2
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Passes through the body from side to side creating anterior and posterior

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3
Q

Transverse

A

PAsses horizontally and creates superior and inferior

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4
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Toward the front of the body

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5
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

Toward the back of the body

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6
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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8
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of the body

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9
Q

Superficial

A

More toward the outside

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10
Q

Deep

A

More internally

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk

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12
Q

Distal

A

Away from trunk point of attachment

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13
Q

Superior/Cranial

A

Towards the top

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14
Q

Inferior/caudal

A

Away from the head

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15
Q

Apex

A

Narrow end or tip of conical structure

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16
Q

Tongue Surfaces

A

Ventral is the underside of the tongue
Dorsal is the top of the tongue

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17
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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18
Q

Intramembranous

A

NO CARTILAGE
Begins as fibrous membrane of collagen and blood vessels

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19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

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20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone destroying cells

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21
Q

Osteocytes

A

Matrue bone cell embedded in bone matric and maintains bone

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22
Q

Endochondral Ossicification

A

Cartilage is present as precursor and gradually replaced by bone produced by osteoblasts (long bones)

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23
Q

Cartilage

A

Noncalcified, avascular, precurspr to bone

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24
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most abundant, precursor to bone, facilitates smooth joints

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25
Fibrocartilage
Strongest, contains collagen in matrix, provides rigidity
26
Elastic Cartilage
Contains elastic fibers in its matrix Provides support and defines shape External Ear
27
Bony Prominace
Bone immediately below the skin
28
Condyle
Rounded articular process. Forms joints
29
Tuberosity
a large rough rounded process on the surface of bone for attachment of connective tissue
30
Tubercle/Eminance
a small rough rounded process on the surface of bone for attachment of connective tissue
31
Arch
A bridge like bony structure
32
Spine
sharp slender projection. Site of muscle attachment
33
Notch
Indentation at teh edge of the bone, articulary surface
34
Sulcus
channel-like shallow depression that usually accomodates blood vessel or tendon
35
Fossa
Deeper depression on bone or surface
36
Joints
articulation classified by amount of movement allowed
37
Sutures
fibrous joint formed on the skull where bones are held together
38
Foramen
short round hole in bone
39
Canal
long tube like opening in bone
40
Meatus
Type of canal or channel in bone
41
Fissure
a narrow slit like opening between adjacent parts of bone forming a passageway for blood vessels and nerves
42
Cranial Bones
Bones that surrond the Brain
43
Facial Bone
Bones that surrond the face
44
Frontal Bone
Forehead/top parts of the orbits Contains frontal sinus Landmarks: Lacrimal Fossa is where lacrimal glands flow through
45
Parietal Bone
large part of the vault and side of cranium. Articulates with itself at sagittal suture, and other bones
46
Temporal Bone
Form lateral walls of the skull Squamous Portion: largest and forms zygomatic process of temporal bone. Contains the articular eminance with the mandible. Tympanic Portion: Forms most of external acustic meatus Petrous Portion: Located inferior and contains mastiod process, styloid process, and interal acustic meatus
47
Occipital Bone
Posterior portion of the skull Contains foramen magnum Articulates with atlas
48
Sphenoid Bone
Contains sphenoid sinuses Contains sella turcia that hold pituatary gland
49
Lesser Sphenoid WInges
forms superior orbital fissure and optic foramen
50
Greater Sphenoid wings
forms inferior border of superior orbital fissure Foramen Rotundum, Ovale, and Spinosum
51
Pterygoid Process
medial and lateral pterygoid plates, fossa, and hamulus
52
Ethmoid Bone
Single midline bone of the skull Contains ethmoid sinuses Cribiform Plate is where olfactory nerves pass Crista Gali attachemtn for dura mater where meninges attach Superior and middle nasal conchae
53
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Arise from maxilla into nasal cavity Airflow direction and humidification, heating, filter
54
Nasal Bone
Bridge of the nose
55
Lacrimal Bones
Medial wall of the orbit Nasolacrimal duct at junction with lacrimal bone
56
Zygomatic Bones
Zygomatic Arch formed by these bones
57
Maxilla
Body contains the maxillary sinus Forms the lower medial rims of the orbits and borders the nasal cavity Landmarks: IO foramen, canine fossa, sockets for teeth,maxillary tuberosity, zygomatic process, palatine process, incisive foramen and median palatine suture
58
Palatine Bones
Form lateral walls of the nasal cavity, posterior portion of hard palate, small part of the orbital apex Contains the greater palatine foramen
59
Vomer
Located in midsagittal line Forms posterior portion of nasal septum
60
Mandible
Only Movable facial bone, largest, and strongest Body contains: mental protuberance, symphysis, alveolar process, sockets, mental foramen, genial tubercle, retromolar triangle, submandibular and sublingual fossae Ramus contains: external oblique line, mandibular foramen, condyle, lingula, coronoid process, coronoid notch, and mandibular arch
61
Muscles of Mastication
Innervated by Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Blood supply comes from maxillary artery
62
Mandible Elevation Muscles
MAsseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid
63
MAndible Depression
Lateral Pterygoid muscles and hyoid
64
Mandible Protrusion
Lateral Pterygoid
65
Mandible Retrusion
Temporalis
66
Mandible lateral Shift
Lateral Pterygoid
67
Temporalis
Origin: Temporoal Fossa Insertion: Coronoid process Function: Retract and Elevate mandible
68
Masseter
Origin: Zygomatic Arch Insertion: Outer surface of mandible Function: Elevate mandible
69
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: Medial Surface of lateral pterygoid plate Insertion: Inner surface of angle of the mandible Function: Elevate and protrude mandible
70
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: Lateral surface of pterygoid plate and infratemporal surface of sphenoid Bone Insertion: TMJ disk and neck of condyle
71
Muscles of facial expression
Innervated by facial nerve Blood supply from facial artery
72
Epicrannial Muscle
Raise eybrows and scalp
73
Obicularis Oculi Muscle
Close Eyelids
74
Corrugator Supercilii
Wrinkles forehead when frown
75
Obicularis Oris
Closes Lips
76
Buccinator Muscle
Pulls Cheek laterally and shortens is
77
Risorius Muscle
Widens smile
78
Levator Labii Muscle
Elevate the upper lip
79
Levator Labii superiorous nasi muscle
raises upper lip and dialates the nose
80
Zygomatic muscle minor
raises upper lip
81
Zygomatic muscle major
pulls up lip laterally
82
Levator Anguli Oris muscle
Elevates angle of the mouth
83
Depressor anguli oris muscle
depresses angle of mouth
84
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
lowers the lower lip
85
Mantalis Muscle
chin area. Raises the chin and narrows vestibule near incisors
86
Platysma Muscle
neck region, pulls down the corners of the mouth
87
Hyoid muscles
Orgin in the Hyoid bone Innervation trigeminal and facial, work with lateral pterygoid to open mouth
88
Infrahyoid Muscles
Below the hyoid junction at the thyroid
89
Suprahyoid Muscle
above the hyoid bone open the mouth
90
Mylohyoid Muscles
Make up the floor of the mouth
91
Intrinsic Muscles of the tongue
change the shape of the tongue
92
Extrinsic muscles
Move the tongue
93
Genioglossus
Protrude and prevents airway obstruction
94
Styloglossus
Retracts the tongue
95
Hyoglossus
Depresses the tongue
96
External Carotid Artery
Supplies blood to oral cavity and face
97
BAnches of Exteral Carotid Artery
Lingual: Floor of the mouth, tongue, suprahyoid muscles Facial Artery: Facial Muscles Medial Branches: Ascending pharylgeal Artery Posterior: Occipital and posterior auricular area Temporal: Temporalis muscle and Maxillary Artery
98
Facial Artery Branches
Ascending Palatine Artery Submental Artery Inferior Labial Artery Superior Labial Artery
99
Maxillary Artery
Inferior Alveolar Artery Deep Femoral Artery Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery
100
Internal Jugular Brain
Drains head and neck tissues and brain
101
External Jugular Vein
Draisn small portion of extracranial tissue
102
Facial Vein
drains into internal jugular Communicates with cavernous venous sinus Drains frontal region and orbit of the eye, lower lip and submandibular area
103
Retromandibular Vein
Formed by superficial temporal and maxillary veins Anterior joins the facial vein Posterior drains temporal and maxillary posterior auricular areas and joins external jugular vein
104
Maxillary Vein
Drains pterygoid plexus which is served by maxillary artery
105
Pterygoid Plexus of Veins
Drains portion of face into maxillary vein Drains Meninges of the brain

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