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ADAT Study > Head and Neck Part 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Passes throught the body front to back and creates right and left

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2
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Passes through the body from side to side creating anterior and posterior

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3
Q

Transverse

A

PAsses horizontally and creates superior and inferior

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4
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Toward the front of the body

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5
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

Toward the back of the body

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6
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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8
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of the body

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9
Q

Superficial

A

More toward the outside

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10
Q

Deep

A

More internally

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk

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12
Q

Distal

A

Away from trunk point of attachment

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13
Q

Superior/Cranial

A

Towards the top

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14
Q

Inferior/caudal

A

Away from the head

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15
Q

Apex

A

Narrow end or tip of conical structure

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16
Q

Tongue Surfaces

A

Ventral is the underside of the tongue
Dorsal is the top of the tongue

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17
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bones

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18
Q

Intramembranous

A

NO CARTILAGE
Begins as fibrous membrane of collagen and blood vessels

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19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

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20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone destroying cells

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21
Q

Osteocytes

A

Matrue bone cell embedded in bone matric and maintains bone

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22
Q

Endochondral Ossicification

A

Cartilage is present as precursor and gradually replaced by bone produced by osteoblasts (long bones)

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23
Q

Cartilage

A

Noncalcified, avascular, precurspr to bone

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24
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most abundant, precursor to bone, facilitates smooth joints

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25
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Strongest, contains collagen in matrix, provides rigidity

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26
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Contains elastic fibers in its matrix
Provides support and defines shape
External Ear

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27
Q

Bony Prominace

A

Bone immediately below the skin

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28
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articular process. Forms joints

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29
Q

Tuberosity

A

a large rough rounded process on the surface of bone for attachment of connective tissue

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30
Q

Tubercle/Eminance

A

a small rough rounded process on the surface of bone for attachment of connective tissue

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31
Q

Arch

A

A bridge like bony structure

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32
Q

Spine

A

sharp slender projection. Site of muscle attachment

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33
Q

Notch

A

Indentation at teh edge of the bone, articulary surface

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34
Q

Sulcus

A

channel-like shallow depression that usually accomodates blood vessel or tendon

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35
Q

Fossa

A

Deeper depression on bone or surface

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36
Q

Joints

A

articulation classified by amount of movement allowed

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37
Q

Sutures

A

fibrous joint formed on the skull where bones are held together

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38
Q

Foramen

A

short round hole in bone

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39
Q

Canal

A

long tube like opening in bone

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40
Q

Meatus

A

Type of canal or channel in bone

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41
Q

Fissure

A

a narrow slit like opening between adjacent parts of bone forming a passageway for blood vessels and nerves

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42
Q

Cranial Bones

A

Bones that surrond the Brain

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43
Q

Facial Bone

A

Bones that surrond the face

44
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Forehead/top parts of the orbits
Contains frontal sinus
Landmarks: Lacrimal Fossa is where lacrimal glands flow through

45
Q

Parietal Bone

A

large part of the vault and side of cranium.
Articulates with itself at sagittal suture, and other bones

46
Q

Temporal Bone

A

Form lateral walls of the skull
Squamous Portion: largest and forms zygomatic process of temporal bone. Contains the articular eminance with the mandible.
Tympanic Portion: Forms most of external acustic meatus
Petrous Portion: Located inferior and contains mastiod process, styloid process, and interal acustic meatus

47
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Posterior portion of the skull
Contains foramen magnum
Articulates with atlas

48
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A

Contains sphenoid sinuses
Contains sella turcia that hold pituatary gland

49
Q

Lesser Sphenoid WInges

A

forms superior orbital fissure and optic foramen

50
Q

Greater Sphenoid wings

A

forms inferior border of superior orbital fissure
Foramen Rotundum, Ovale, and Spinosum

51
Q

Pterygoid Process

A

medial and lateral pterygoid plates, fossa, and hamulus

52
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Single midline bone of the skull
Contains ethmoid sinuses
Cribiform Plate is where olfactory nerves pass
Crista Gali attachemtn for dura mater where meninges attach
Superior and middle nasal conchae

53
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

Arise from maxilla into nasal cavity
Airflow direction and humidification, heating, filter

54
Q

Nasal Bone

A

Bridge of the nose

55
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

Medial wall of the orbit
Nasolacrimal duct at junction with lacrimal bone

56
Q

Zygomatic Bones

A

Zygomatic Arch formed by these bones

57
Q

Maxilla

A

Body contains the maxillary sinus
Forms the lower medial rims of the orbits and borders the nasal cavity
Landmarks: IO foramen, canine fossa, sockets for teeth,maxillary tuberosity, zygomatic process, palatine process, incisive foramen and median palatine suture

58
Q

Palatine Bones

A

Form lateral walls of the nasal cavity, posterior portion of hard palate, small part of the orbital apex
Contains the greater palatine foramen

59
Q

Vomer

A

Located in midsagittal line
Forms posterior portion of nasal septum

60
Q

Mandible

A

Only Movable facial bone, largest, and strongest
Body contains: mental protuberance, symphysis, alveolar process, sockets, mental foramen, genial tubercle, retromolar triangle, submandibular and sublingual fossae
Ramus contains: external oblique line, mandibular foramen, condyle, lingula, coronoid process, coronoid notch, and mandibular arch

61
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Innervated by Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Blood supply comes from maxillary artery

62
Q

Mandible Elevation Muscles

A

MAsseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid

63
Q

MAndible Depression

A

Lateral Pterygoid muscles and hyoid

64
Q

Mandible Protrusion

A

Lateral Pterygoid

65
Q

Mandible Retrusion

A

Temporalis

66
Q

Mandible lateral Shift

A

Lateral Pterygoid

67
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporoal Fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process
Function: Retract and Elevate mandible

68
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: Zygomatic Arch
Insertion: Outer surface of mandible
Function: Elevate mandible

69
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Origin: Medial Surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: Inner surface of angle of the mandible
Function: Elevate and protrude mandible

70
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Origin: Lateral surface of pterygoid plate and infratemporal surface of sphenoid Bone
Insertion: TMJ disk and neck of condyle

71
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A

Innervated by facial nerve
Blood supply from facial artery

72
Q

Epicrannial Muscle

A

Raise eybrows and scalp

73
Q

Obicularis Oculi Muscle

A

Close Eyelids

74
Q

Corrugator Supercilii

A

Wrinkles forehead when frown

75
Q

Obicularis Oris

A

Closes Lips

76
Q

Buccinator Muscle

A

Pulls Cheek laterally and shortens is

77
Q

Risorius Muscle

A

Widens smile

78
Q

Levator Labii Muscle

A

Elevate the upper lip

79
Q

Levator Labii superiorous nasi muscle

A

raises upper lip and dialates the nose

80
Q

Zygomatic muscle minor

A

raises upper lip

81
Q

Zygomatic muscle major

A

pulls up lip laterally

82
Q

Levator Anguli Oris muscle

A

Elevates angle of the mouth

83
Q

Depressor anguli oris muscle

A

depresses angle of mouth

84
Q

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

A

lowers the lower lip

85
Q

Mantalis Muscle

A

chin area. Raises the chin and narrows vestibule near incisors

86
Q

Platysma Muscle

A

neck region, pulls down the corners of the mouth

87
Q

Hyoid muscles

A

Orgin in the Hyoid bone
Innervation trigeminal and facial, work with lateral pterygoid to open mouth

88
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Below the hyoid junction at the thyroid

89
Q

Suprahyoid Muscle

A

above the hyoid bone
open the mouth

90
Q

Mylohyoid Muscles

A

Make up the floor of the mouth

91
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the tongue

A

change the shape of the tongue

92
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

Move the tongue

93
Q

Genioglossus

A

Protrude and prevents airway obstruction

94
Q

Styloglossus

A

Retracts the tongue

95
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Depresses the tongue

96
Q

External Carotid Artery

A

Supplies blood to oral cavity and face

97
Q

BAnches of Exteral Carotid Artery

A

Lingual: Floor of the mouth, tongue, suprahyoid muscles
Facial Artery: Facial Muscles
Medial Branches: Ascending pharylgeal Artery
Posterior: Occipital and posterior auricular area
Temporal: Temporalis muscle and Maxillary Artery

98
Q

Facial Artery Branches

A

Ascending Palatine Artery
Submental Artery
Inferior Labial Artery
Superior Labial Artery

99
Q

Maxillary Artery

A

Inferior Alveolar Artery
Deep Femoral Artery
Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery

100
Q

Internal Jugular Brain

A

Drains head and neck tissues and brain

101
Q

External Jugular Vein

A

Draisn small portion of extracranial tissue

102
Q

Facial Vein

A

drains into internal jugular
Communicates with cavernous venous sinus
Drains frontal region and orbit of the eye, lower lip and submandibular area

103
Q

Retromandibular Vein

A

Formed by superficial temporal and maxillary veins
Anterior joins the facial vein
Posterior drains temporal and maxillary posterior auricular areas and joins external jugular vein

104
Q

Maxillary Vein

A

Drains pterygoid plexus which is served by maxillary artery

105
Q

Pterygoid Plexus of Veins

A

Drains portion of face into maxillary vein
Drains Meninges of the brain

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