Head and Neck Anatomy Part 2 Flashcards
Lymphatic System
Fight disease by ridding body fo toxins
Lymph
Tissue fluid that drains to the lymphatic system from surrounding regions
Lymph Vessels
Move fluid in one direction
Lymph Nodes
Oval shaped organs clustered along vessels. Will not be able to see or palpate in healthy patients
Lymphocytes
Filter toxins from lymph and are derived from stem cells in bone Marrow
T Cells
Mature in Thymus
Thymus
Located behind sternum
Lymphadenopathy
Increase in size of lymph node. Indicates infection or disease
Tonsils
Masses of lymphoid tissue located in the oral cavity and pharynx. Remove toxins
Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes
Submental: Under the chin and drain chin, lips, apex of tongue, floor of mouth, and drain into submandibular nodes and deep cervical nodes
Submandibular: Drains the cheeks, upper lip, anterior hard palate, body of tongue and all teeth except maxillary third molars and empties into superior deep cervical nodes
Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
Superior Deep: Drains posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, bose of tongue and maxillary third molars and empties intoinferior deep cervical nodes or jugular trunk
Inferior Deep: Drains the posterior part of scalp and neck, part of arm and empties into jugular trunk
Occipital Nodes
Drains the scalp and drains into deep cervical nodes
Retroauricular Nodes
posterior to the ear
Anterior auricular Nodes
Anterior to the ear
Superficial parotid nodes
Drains external ear, lacrimal glands, adjacent region of the nodes. Empty into deep cervical nodes
Facial Node
Along facial veins. Drains skin where they are located and empties into the submandibular nodes
Tonsils
Are not located along lymphatic vessels. All empty into deep cervical nodes
Palatine Tonsils
between anterior and posterior pillars
Lingual Tonsils
Dorsal surface of the base of the tongue
Pharyngeal Tonsils
midline of posterior wall of nasophranyx “adenoids”
Tubal Tonsils
nasophraynx, posterior to openings of auditory tube
Exocrine Gland
have ducts, empty directly into body locationwhere secretions will be sued
Endocrine Gland
No Ducts and empty directly into circulatory system to be transported
Parotid Gland
On surface of masseter muscle and pierces buccinator
Largest but only 25% of salivary volume mostly serous.
Stensons Duct and enters near 2nd maxillary molar
Submandibur Gland
medially under the angle of the mandible
Second largest and most productive 65% of volume
Serous and Mucos
Whartons Duct opens at sublingual caruncle (floor of the mouth)
Most common in salivary stone formation
Sublingual Gland
In sublingual fossa andterior to submandibular
Smallest by size and volume
Serous and mucos
Bartholin Duct
Minor Salivary Glands
Smaller and most numerous. Found in oral tissues
Mainly mucos
Von Ebener Glands
Circumvallae lingual papilla
Serous Only
Lacrimal Glands
Lacrimal Fossa or frontal bone
Secrete lacrimal fluid/tears
Nasolacrimal duct (Maxillary and lacrimal bones)
Thyroid Gland
Below the Hyoid bone and cartilage
2 lobes connected by isthmus
Secretes thyroxine to regulate metabolism
Moves with cartilage when swallowing
Parathyroid Gland
Below/within thyroid Gland
Secretes Parathyroid Hormone regulating calcium metabolism and phospherous uptake
Thymus Gland
Inferior to thyroid behind sternum
Secretes Thymosin leading to T-Cell maturation
Shrinks after puberty
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
All the nerves outisde the CNS
Sensory and motor neurons
Autonomic Nervous Systems
Body control that is not consciously directed
Parasympathetic nervous system
No Control (keeps noral body fuction)
Resting heart rate, digestion, lower blood pressure
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or Flight
Stress, increase heart rate, increase BP
Epi and norepinepherine released
Neuron
Nerve Cell. Nucleus, Dendrites, Axons.
Nerve
Collection of Neurons
Synapse
Allows transmission between neurons or effector organ
Ganglion
Group of cell bodies in peripheral nervous system
Afferent Nerve
Carry nerve impulses to the CNS
Efferent Nerve
Carry impulses away from CNS
Olfactory
Sensory and smell
Optic
Sensory and vision
Oculomotor
Motor, movement of the eye
Trochlear
Motor, 1 muscle of the eye
Trigeminal V1
Sensory, Ophthalmic nerve goes through superior orbital fissure. Collects from
Tigeminal V2
Sensory, goes through foramen rotundum and collects from zygomatic nerve, palatine nerves, superior alveolar nerves
Trigeminal V3
Mixed and largest of branches. Exits through foramen ovale and collects from buccal, inferior alveolar, muslces of mastication, lingual, auriculotemporal nerve, and mylohyoid nerves
Abducens
Motor. Lateral movement of the eye
Facial
Mixed S/M. Saliva, tears, and facial expression. If damaged, bells palsy will occur
Vestibularcochlear
Sensory. Hearing and equalibrium
Glossopharyngeal
Mixed. Taste and swallowing and saliva secretion
Vagus
Mixed. Soft palate, pharynx, larynx
Spinal Accessory
Motor. trapezius, SCM, soft palate, and pharynx
