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My Gastrointestinal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cell lines the oral cavity?

A

non-keritinized stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What type of cell lines the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What type of cell lines the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

  • thin on ventral side
  • thick with papillae on the dorsal side
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4
Q

What type of cell lines the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

smooth stratified squamous epithelium with no papillae but has lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa

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5
Q

What are the four types of papillae?

A

fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
filiform

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6
Q

What is at the entrance to the oropharynx?

A

ring of lymphoid tissue with the palatine, lingual, tubal and pharyngeal tonsils

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7
Q

What type of muscle is in the oesophagus?

A
  • upper is skeletal
  • middle is both
  • lower is smooth
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8
Q

What lubricates the oesophagus?

A

mucous glands in the submucosa

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9
Q

What type of cell is in the stomach?

A

simple columnar epithelium

with gastric pits and 1-7 glands at the bottom of each

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10
Q

What cells line the cells of the gland?

A
  • the neck= neck mucous cells and parietal cells which make HCl
  • the isthmus= parietal and stem cells
  • the fundus/base= chief cells that produce enzymes and some enteroendocrine cells
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11
Q

How can the parietal and chief cells be identified?

A

parietal looks like pink fried eggs

chief looks dark and grainy

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12
Q

What are the sections of the stomach called?

A
  • Cardia: deep gastric pits and tortuous glands
  • Body: shallow gastric pits and straight glands
  • Pylorus: deep pits and many coiled glands
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13
Q

What is the extra layer of muscle that the stomach has?

A

musculares externa is an oblique layer that is internal to the circular layer and churns

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14
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

between stomach and duodenum so gasproduodenal junction

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15
Q

What is an extra feature of the small intestine?

A

villi with crypts of Lieberkuhn in between

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16
Q

What are the differences in cells in the different parts of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum: Brunner’s gland in submucosa to neutralise chyme
  • Jejunum: tallest villi
  • Ileum: many lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s patches
17
Q

What are the cells and a brief role of each in the small intestine?

A
  • Enterocytes: tall columnar with brush border
  • Goblet: mucin producers for lubrication
  • Paneth: defense
  • Enteroendocrine: hormone production for motility
  • Stem: base of crypts to replenish epithelium
18
Q

What are the two types of cells of the large intestine?

A
  • Absorptive: removal of salts and water

- Goblet: secretion of mucous

19
Q

What is the name for the three muscular strips down the side of the large intestine?

A

teniae coli

20
Q

How does the appendix tissue differ?

A

less crypts and circular lymphoid tissue

21
Q

What cells line the anal canal?

A

stratified squamous epithelium that becomes keratinized later on at skin level

22
Q

What is the ENS made up of?

A

two plexuses of nerve fibres- one in submucosa (submucosal), one in the muscularis externa (myenteric)

23
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

a group of nerve cells living outside of CNS

24
Q

What is the basic structure of the liver?

A
  • covered with mesothelial cells
  • lobules with a central vein in the middle and the hepatic artery, portal veins and the bile duct supplying the ends (portal triads)
  • blood enters at the ends and leaves in the middle
25
Q

What makes up the triad of vessels in the liver?

A

1 - bile duct: lined by simple cuboidal cells called cholangiocytes
2 - hepatic portal vein: large thin walled blood vessel
3 - hepatic artery: round vessel with smooth muscle (sometimes a lymphatic vessel too)

26
Q

What is the relationship between hepatocytes and liver sinusoids?

A
  • hepatocytes form plates or sheets of cells with spaces for blood to flow called sinusoids
  • lining between these two structures (simple squamous lining)
  • space is called the space of Disse
  • connective tissue in the liver in the portal tracts as well as collagen in the space of Disse
27
Q

What is the role of hepatic stellate cells and where are they found?

A

found in the space of Disse

  • make connective tissue
  • store vitamin A in fat droplets
  • become myofibroblasts and become scar tissue in cirrhosis
28
Q

What are Kupferr cells are where are they found?

A

sinusoids in the liver and they are macrophages to remove dead matter

29
Q

Where does bile go after being made?

A
  • made in liver by hepatocytes
  • taken to bile ductules via bile canaliculi
  • to gallbladder
30
Q

What are bile caniculi?

A

small channels formed by tight junctions between hepatocytes where bile moves to bile duct

31
Q

What is the gallbladder made up of?

A

muscular sac lined with tall simple columnar epithelium with lamina propria and brush border

32
Q

How is bile changed in the gallbladder and how is it then released?

A
  • changed by pumping Na and Cl ions so water moves out too

- vagal stimulation to contract to release bile into duodenum and by cholecystokinin

33
Q

What is the special feature of the pancreas?

A

it is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland

34
Q

What does the exocrine part of the pancreas do?

A

makes digestive juices with many enzymes and this enters the duodenum via the pancreatic duct (doesn’t digest itself because the enzymes are not yet active until trypsin activates them)

35
Q

What does the endocrine part of the pancreas do?

A

consists of islets of Langerhans making insulin and glucagon

36
Q

What are the different parts of the pancreatic ducts?

A

basal pancreatic part is basophilic due to RER but apical part is eosinophilic due to zymogen granules

37
Q

What do the pancreatic ducts then join?

A

main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct and opens into the duodenum on a papillae

38
Q

What is special about pancreatic duct cells?

A

they are centroacinar because the duct Strats within the cell

My Gastrointestinal (18 decks)

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