Anatomy Flashcards
What is the main structure of the temporomandibular joint?
head of the condylar process sits in the mandibular fossa next to the articular tubercle
What are the cavities in the temperomandibular joint for?
superior: for translation
inferior: for rotation
What nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve so CNV3
What structure tenses to move food between the teeth?
buccinator
Where does CNV3 travel?
from the pons, through the foramen oval and to the muscles of mastication and the sensory area (only nerve that comes off the pons)
What are the muscles of mastication and where do they attach at either end?
- Temporalis: coronoid process of mandible to temporal fossa
- Masseter: angle of mandible to zygomatic arch
- Lateral pterygoid (only one that opens): condyle of mandible to pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone
- Medial pterygoid: angle of mandible to pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone
What is the dens?
the spiky bit at C2 on a radiograph
What is the gingiva?
the frontal gums
What nerve is the sensation in the mouth supplied by?
top half is CN V2 and inferior half is CN V3
What is the pathway of the CNV2 nerve?
from pons through foramen rotundum to sensory area
What are the three salivary glands, where do they secrete to and which nerve supplies them?
- Parotid gland: CNIX- side of the face, in front of the ear and secretes into mouth at upper 2nd molar
- Submandibular gland: CNVII- secretes via lingual caruncle
- Sublingual gland: CNVII- secretes via several ducts superiorly
What nerve is the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue supplied by?
CNIX for both taste and sensation
What nerve is the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue supplied by?
CNVII for taste
CNV3 for general sensation
Which papillae have taste buds?
foliate, vallate and fungiform do
filiform doesn’t
What is the course of the facial nerve?
from the pontomedullary junction, through the temporal bone via the internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen
What does the facial nerve supply?
taste to anterior 2/3rd, facial expression and glands on floor of mouth
What nerve innervates the tongue muscles?
CNXII except (palatoglossus)
What is the path of CNXII?
from the medulla, through hypoglossal canal to the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of the tongue
What nerves make the gag reflex possible and how does it come about?
- mucosa is sensory CNIX at the back of the oral cavity
- motor part of the reflex is CNIX and CNX
- reflex acts to constrict the pharynx
What nerves does the anaesthetic act on for an endoscopy act?
CNV2, CNV3, CNVII and CNIX
Where does CNIX run?
glossopharyngeal nerve that runs from the medulla through the jugular foramen to the posterior wall of the oropharynx, parotid gland and to posterior 1/3rd of tongue
What are the muscles of the pharynx and what nerves are they supplied by?
- three circular muscles that are voluntary and are innervated by CNX and all insert onto midline raphe
- three longitudinal muscles supplied by CNX and CNIX
What is involved in the process of swallowing?
- Tongue (CNXII) pushes food towards oropharynx (Voluntary)
- Soft palate and larynx elevated (CNIX and CNX for pharyngeal muscles) (Involuntary)
- Circular layer of pharyngeal (CNX) constrictor muscles contract (Involuntary)
- Food bolus enters oesophagus and travels inferiorly by peristalsis (Involuntary)
Where does the oesophagus start and where does it go through the diaphragm?
C6 begins
T10 crosses diaphragm