Histology

Question 1

Name the glial cells?

Answer 1

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, ependymal cells, satellite cells of ganglia

Question 2

What are Ependymal cells

Answer 2

columnar shaped cells that line the spinal cord and ventricle -> have cilia on apical surface to aid CSF flow, NOT epithelial cells - lack a basal laminar

Question 3

What are Nissl bodies?

Answer 3

granular body of rough ER and ribosomes in the cell body of neurons - site of protein systems

Question 4

What are astrocytes, what do they do?

Answer 4

glial cells. Passive actions: neurotransmitter uptake and degradation, K homeostasis, neuronal energy supply, maintainance of BBB, Injury response and recovery. Active roles: modulation of blood flow (constriction of capillaries), excitable (ca transients) so modulate neuronal function

Question 5

What initiates glial cell excitability?

Answer 5

calcium waves triggers by neurotransmitters, trauma, spontaneous, inflammatory mediators

Question 6

What are oligodendrocytes? what do they do?

Answer 6

Glial cells that wrap around and insulate parts of multiple axons in the CNS

Question 7

What are Schwann cells and what do they do?

Answer 7

glial cells that act like oligodendrocytes in the PNS but wrap around and insulate a single axon

Question 8

What are microglia?

Answer 8

Phagocytic cells of the CNS - constantly survey the CNS to ensure synapses are working ok and respond to injury and play a role in development

Question 9

What are the layers of collagenous tissue within a nerve?

Answer 9

single axon+schwann cell are covered by endoneurium, multiple fibres are surrounded by perineurium making a fasicle, multiple fascicles are surrounded by epineurium = peripheral nerve

Question 10

What is a ganglia? what are the 2 types?

Answer 10

collection of cell bodies of neurons outside of the CNS, Sensory and autonomic ganglia