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1 Reviewer A - Veterinary Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The mesothelium that covers the external surfaces of the digestive organs, lungs, and heart is a:
a.Simple cuboidal epithelium
b.Simple squamous epithelium
c.Transitional epithelium
d.Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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2
Q

Which type of secretion is NOT characterized by the cell cytoplasm itself contributing to the secretory product?
a.Cytocrine
b.Apocrine
c.Merocrine
d.Holocrine

A

Merocrine

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3
Q

Which of the following glands shares a similar secretory mechanism to sebaceous glands?
a.Mammary gland
b.Uropygial gland
c.Sweat gland
d.All of these

A

Uropygial gland

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4
Q

Based on the nature of the secretory product, what type of gland contains serous demilunes?
a.Mixed
b.Serous
c.Mucous
d.Compound

A

Mixed

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5
Q

Which type of tissue forms the stroma of organs?
a.Epithelial tissue
b.Muscle tissue
c.Connective tissue
d.Nervous tissue

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

Which type of connective tissue forms the supporting framework all lymphatic organs?
a. Loose connective tissue
b.Reticular connective tissue
c. Dense irregular connective tissue
d.Areolar connective tissue

A

Reticular connective tissue

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7
Q

Where would you find brown adipose tissue in an animal’s body?
a. In the walls of large arteries
b.In the Wharton’s jelly
c. In the developing embryo
d.In hibernating animals

A

In hibernating animals

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8
Q

Where would you expect to observe osteons (Haversian systems) in bone tissue section?
a.Spongy bone tissue
b.Trabecular bone tissue
c.Cortical bone tissue
d.Medullary cavity

A

Cortical bone tissue

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9
Q

What is the function of osteocytes in a bone tissue?
a.Bone resorption
b.Maintenance of bone matrix
c.Bone formation
d.Bone mineralization

A

Maintenance of bone matrix

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10
Q

Hyaline cartilage is present in which of the following structures?
a.Epiglottis
b.Intervertebral discs
c.External auditory canal
d.Tracheal rings

A

Tracheal rings

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11
Q

Which type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?
a.Skeletal muscle
b.Cardiac muscle
c.Smooth muscle
d.Visceral muscle

A

Cardiac muscle

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12
Q

What is the function of the Z-disc in skeletal muscle?
a.Attachment site for myosin filaments
b.Storage of calcium ions
c.Anchoring actin filaments
d.Transmission of nerve impulses to muscle cells

A

Anchoring actin filaments

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13
Q

Nissl bodies in neurons are found in the:
a.Cell body (soma)
b.Axon terminals
c.Axon hillock
d.Anywhere in the neuron

A

Cell body (soma)

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14
Q

Which type of glial cells support the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
a.Astrocytes
b.Oligodendrocytes
c.Microglia
d.Schwann cells

A

Astrocytes

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15
Q

Neurons found in the retina of the eye and in the organs of hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear are classified as:
a.Pseudounipolar neurons
b.Unipolar neurons
c.Bipolar neurons
d.Multipolar neurons

A

Bipolar neurons

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16
Q

What is the function of the vasa vasorum in large arteries and veins?
a. Supplying nutrients to the vessel wall
b.Regulating blood pressure
c. Facilitating gas exchange
d.Providing structural support

A

Supplying nutrients to the vessel wall

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17
Q

Which type of capillaries are the most permeable?
a. Continuous capillaries
b.Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d.Both a and c

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

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18
Q

Which vessel type has the thickest tunica adventitia?
a. Arterioles
b.Capillaries
c. Large veins
d.Elastic arteries

A

Large veins

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19
Q

What histological structure distinguishes bronchioles from bronchi?
a. Cartilage plates
b. Smooth muscle
c. Ciliated epithelium
d. Loose connective tissue

A

Cartilage plates

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20
Q

What is the main structural unit of gas exchange in the avian lung?
a. Alveolus
b.Parabronchus
c. Air sac
d.Mesobronchus

A

Paleopulmonic parabronchus

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21
Q

Which cells predominantly line the air capillaries in avian lungs?
a. Type I pneumocytes
b.Type II pneumocytes
c. Squamous epithelial cells
d.Ciliated columnar epithelial cells

A

Type I pneumocytes

22
Q

The following respiratory tract structures are lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells EXCEPT:
a. Trachea
b.Respiratory bronchioles
c. Lobar bronchi
d.Nasopharynx

A

Respiratory bronchioles

23
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?
a. Absorption of water
b.Stretchability and distensibility
c. Prevention of water loss
d.Protection against abrasion

A

Stretchability and distensibility

24
Q

Which segment of the nephron has a brush border to increase surface area for reabsorption?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b.Distal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d.Papillary duct

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

Which part of the nephron is closely associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
a. Collecting duct
b.Proximal convoluted tubule
c.Distal convoluted tubule
d.Loop of Henle

A

Distal convoluted tubule

26
Q

Which part of the kidney contains the renal corpuscles?
a. Renal pelvis
b.Renal capsule
c.Renal cortex
d.Renal medulla

A

Renal cortex

27
Q

In which species do tubuloalveolar mucous glands in the normal ureter causes frothy urine?
a.Horse
b.Pig
c. Cat
d.Buffalo

A

Horse

28
Q

Which part of the hoof is analogous to the epidermis of the skin?
a.Stratum tectorium
b.Stratum medium
c.Stratum internum
d.Stratum lamellatum

A

Stratum tectorium

29
Q

What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland?
a.Produce milk
b.Store fat
c.Expel milk
d.Provide immune protection

A

Expel milk

30
Q

Which epidermal layer is characterized by the presence of
desmosomes between cells?
a.Stratum spinosum
b.Stratum basale
c.Stratum lucidum
d.Stratum corneum

A

Stratum spinosum

31
Q

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex is most superficial?
a.Molecular layer
b.Purkinje cell layer
c. Granular layer
d.White matter

A

Molecular layer

32
Q

Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the spinal cord?
a. Tela choroidea
b.Dura mater
c. Arachnoid mater
d.Pia mater

A

Pia mater

33
Q

Peyer’s patches are:
a. Dense unencapsulated lymphoid tissues
b.Dense encapsulated lymphoid tissues
c.Diffuse unencapsulated lymphoid tissues
d.Diffuse encapsulated lymphoid tissues

A

Diffuse unencapsulated lymphoid tissues

34
Q

Which component of the spleen contains lymphoid follicles with germinal centers?
a. Red pulp
b.White pulp
c. Capsule
d.Trabeculae

A

White pulp

35
Q

Which type of cells are most abundant in the germinal centers of
lymph nodes?
a. Macrophages
b.Dendritic cells
c.T cells
d.B cells

A

B cells

36
Q

The eosinophilic structures known as Hassal’s corpuscles are found exclusively in the:
a. Thymus
b.Spleen
c. Cloacal bursa
d.Lymph node

A

Thymus

37
Q

How will you morphologically distinguish lymphocytes from a blood
smear?
a.Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm
b.Bilobed nucleus and blue-purple granules
c. Large, kidney-shaped nucleus with abundant cytoplasm
d.Multilobed nucleus and faint purple granules

A

Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm

38
Q

Avian heterophils are functionally equivalent to which mammalian
white blood cell?
a.Eosinophils
b.Basophils
c.Neutrophils
d.Monocytes

A

Neutrophils

39
Q

The presence of corpora arenacea is a characteristic feature of which gland?
a. Pituitary gland
b.Thyroid gland
c. Pineal gland
d.Adrenal gland

A

Pineal gland

40
Q

Which is the correct order from outer to inner zones of the adrenal gland?
a. Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
b.Zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis
c. Zona reticularis, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata
d.Zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata

A

Zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata

41
Q

Histologically, pars distalis of the adenohypophysis is characterized
by:
a.Clusters of chief cells and oxyphil cells
b.Acinar structures and Islets of Langerhans
c. Follicles filled with colloid
d.Cell populations of acidophils and basophils

A

Cell populations of acidophils and basophils

42
Q

Which reproductive structure contains the tunica albuginea?
a. Penis
b.Ovaries
c. Testes
d.All of these

A

All of these

43
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the epididymis?
a. Stratified cuboidal
b.Pseudostratified columnar
c. Transitional
d.Simple squamous

A

Pseudostratified columnar

44
Q

Peg cells are primarily found in which part of the reproductive tract?
a. Oviducts
b.Uterus
c. Vagina
d.Ovaries

A

Oviducts

45
Q

Which of the following are present in both the large and small intestines?
a. Plicae circulares
b.Crypts of Lieberkhun
c. Intestinal villi
d.Taenia coli

A

Crypts of Lieberkhun

46
Q

Which zone of the liver lobule is most susceptible to ischemic injury?
a. Periportal (Zone 1)
b.Midzonal (Zone 2)
c. Centrilobular (Zone 3)
d.Pericentral (Zone 4)

A

Centrilobular (Zone 3)

47
Q

The most numerous lingual papillae are the:
a. Filiform papillae
b.Fungiform papillae
c. Circumvallate papillae
d.Foliate papillae

A

Filiform papillae

48
Q

Which of the following digestive structures is NOT lined by stratified
squamous epithelium?
a. Omasum
b.Rumen
c. Crop
d.Proventriculus

A

Proventriculus

49
Q

Brünner’s glands are predominantly found in which intestinal segment?
a.Ileal submucosa
b.Jejunal mucosa
c.Duodenal submucosa
d.Colonic mucosa

A

Duodenal submucosa

50
Q

Which cells are responsible for the production of enamel?
a.Ameloblasts
b.Odontoblasts
c.Cementoblasts
d.Fibroblasts

A

Ameloblasts

1 Reviewer A - Veterinary Anatomy (7 decks)

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