Histology Flashcards
The mesothelium that covers the external surfaces of the digestive organs, lungs, and heart is a:
a.Simple cuboidal epithelium
b.Simple squamous epithelium
c.Transitional epithelium
d.Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Which type of secretion is NOT characterized by the cell cytoplasm itself contributing to the secretory product?
a.Cytocrine
b.Apocrine
c.Merocrine
d.Holocrine
Merocrine
Which of the following glands shares a similar secretory mechanism to sebaceous glands?
a.Mammary gland
b.Uropygial gland
c.Sweat gland
d.All of these
Uropygial gland
Based on the nature of the secretory product, what type of gland contains serous demilunes?
a.Mixed
b.Serous
c.Mucous
d.Compound
Mixed
Which type of tissue forms the stroma of organs?
a.Epithelial tissue
b.Muscle tissue
c.Connective tissue
d.Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue forms the supporting framework all lymphatic organs?
a. Loose connective tissue
b.Reticular connective tissue
c. Dense irregular connective tissue
d.Areolar connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Where would you find brown adipose tissue in an animal’s body?
a. In the walls of large arteries
b.In the Wharton’s jelly
c. In the developing embryo
d.In hibernating animals
In hibernating animals
Where would you expect to observe osteons (Haversian systems) in bone tissue section?
a.Spongy bone tissue
b.Trabecular bone tissue
c.Cortical bone tissue
d.Medullary cavity
Cortical bone tissue
What is the function of osteocytes in a bone tissue?
a.Bone resorption
b.Maintenance of bone matrix
c.Bone formation
d.Bone mineralization
Maintenance of bone matrix
Hyaline cartilage is present in which of the following structures?
a.Epiglottis
b.Intervertebral discs
c.External auditory canal
d.Tracheal rings
Tracheal rings
Which type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?
a.Skeletal muscle
b.Cardiac muscle
c.Smooth muscle
d.Visceral muscle
Cardiac muscle
What is the function of the Z-disc in skeletal muscle?
a.Attachment site for myosin filaments
b.Storage of calcium ions
c.Anchoring actin filaments
d.Transmission of nerve impulses to muscle cells
Anchoring actin filaments
Nissl bodies in neurons are found in the:
a.Cell body (soma)
b.Axon terminals
c.Axon hillock
d.Anywhere in the neuron
Cell body (soma)
Which type of glial cells support the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
a.Astrocytes
b.Oligodendrocytes
c.Microglia
d.Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Neurons found in the retina of the eye and in the organs of hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear are classified as:
a.Pseudounipolar neurons
b.Unipolar neurons
c.Bipolar neurons
d.Multipolar neurons
Bipolar neurons
What is the function of the vasa vasorum in large arteries and veins?
a. Supplying nutrients to the vessel wall
b.Regulating blood pressure
c. Facilitating gas exchange
d.Providing structural support
Supplying nutrients to the vessel wall
Which type of capillaries are the most permeable?
a. Continuous capillaries
b.Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoidal capillaries
d.Both a and c
Sinusoidal capillaries
Which vessel type has the thickest tunica adventitia?
a. Arterioles
b.Capillaries
c. Large veins
d.Elastic arteries
Large veins
What histological structure distinguishes bronchioles from bronchi?
a. Cartilage plates
b. Smooth muscle
c. Ciliated epithelium
d. Loose connective tissue
Cartilage plates
What is the main structural unit of gas exchange in the avian lung?
a. Alveolus
b.Parabronchus
c. Air sac
d.Mesobronchus
Paleopulmonic parabronchus
Which cells predominantly line the air capillaries in avian lungs?
a. Type I pneumocytes
b.Type II pneumocytes
c. Squamous epithelial cells
d.Ciliated columnar epithelial cells
Type I pneumocytes
The following respiratory tract structures are lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells EXCEPT:
a. Trachea
b.Respiratory bronchioles
c. Lobar bronchi
d.Nasopharynx
Respiratory bronchioles
What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?
a. Absorption of water
b.Stretchability and distensibility
c. Prevention of water loss
d.Protection against abrasion
Stretchability and distensibility
Which segment of the nephron has a brush border to increase surface area for reabsorption?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b.Distal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d.Papillary duct
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which part of the nephron is closely associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
a. Collecting duct
b.Proximal convoluted tubule
c.Distal convoluted tubule
d.Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Which part of the kidney contains the renal corpuscles?
a. Renal pelvis
b.Renal capsule
c.Renal cortex
d.Renal medulla
Renal cortex
In which species do tubuloalveolar mucous glands in the normal ureter causes frothy urine?
a.Horse
b.Pig
c. Cat
d.Buffalo
Horse
Which part of the hoof is analogous to the epidermis of the skin?
a.Stratum tectorium
b.Stratum medium
c.Stratum internum
d.Stratum lamellatum
Stratum tectorium
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland?
a.Produce milk
b.Store fat
c.Expel milk
d.Provide immune protection
Expel milk
Which epidermal layer is characterized by the presence of
desmosomes between cells?
a.Stratum spinosum
b.Stratum basale
c.Stratum lucidum
d.Stratum corneum
Stratum spinosum
Which layer of the cerebellar cortex is most superficial?
a.Molecular layer
b.Purkinje cell layer
c. Granular layer
d.White matter
Molecular layer
Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the spinal cord?
a. Tela choroidea
b.Dura mater
c. Arachnoid mater
d.Pia mater
Pia mater
Peyer’s patches are:
a. Dense unencapsulated lymphoid tissues
b.Dense encapsulated lymphoid tissues
c.Diffuse unencapsulated lymphoid tissues
d.Diffuse encapsulated lymphoid tissues
Diffuse unencapsulated lymphoid tissues
Which component of the spleen contains lymphoid follicles with germinal centers?
a. Red pulp
b.White pulp
c. Capsule
d.Trabeculae
White pulp
Which type of cells are most abundant in the germinal centers of
lymph nodes?
a. Macrophages
b.Dendritic cells
c.T cells
d.B cells
B cells
The eosinophilic structures known as Hassal’s corpuscles are found exclusively in the:
a. Thymus
b.Spleen
c. Cloacal bursa
d.Lymph node
Thymus
How will you morphologically distinguish lymphocytes from a blood
smear?
a.Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm
b.Bilobed nucleus and blue-purple granules
c. Large, kidney-shaped nucleus with abundant cytoplasm
d.Multilobed nucleus and faint purple granules
Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm
Avian heterophils are functionally equivalent to which mammalian
white blood cell?
a.Eosinophils
b.Basophils
c.Neutrophils
d.Monocytes
Neutrophils
The presence of corpora arenacea is a characteristic feature of which gland?
a. Pituitary gland
b.Thyroid gland
c. Pineal gland
d.Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Which is the correct order from outer to inner zones of the adrenal gland?
a. Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
b.Zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis
c. Zona reticularis, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata
d.Zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata
Zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, zona fasciculata
Histologically, pars distalis of the adenohypophysis is characterized
by:
a.Clusters of chief cells and oxyphil cells
b.Acinar structures and Islets of Langerhans
c. Follicles filled with colloid
d.Cell populations of acidophils and basophils
Cell populations of acidophils and basophils
Which reproductive structure contains the tunica albuginea?
a. Penis
b.Ovaries
c. Testes
d.All of these
All of these
Which type of epithelium lines the epididymis?
a. Stratified cuboidal
b.Pseudostratified columnar
c. Transitional
d.Simple squamous
Pseudostratified columnar
Peg cells are primarily found in which part of the reproductive tract?
a. Oviducts
b.Uterus
c. Vagina
d.Ovaries
Oviducts
Which of the following are present in both the large and small intestines?
a. Plicae circulares
b.Crypts of Lieberkhun
c. Intestinal villi
d.Taenia coli
Crypts of Lieberkhun
Which zone of the liver lobule is most susceptible to ischemic injury?
a. Periportal (Zone 1)
b.Midzonal (Zone 2)
c. Centrilobular (Zone 3)
d.Pericentral (Zone 4)
Centrilobular (Zone 3)
The most numerous lingual papillae are the:
a. Filiform papillae
b.Fungiform papillae
c. Circumvallate papillae
d.Foliate papillae
Filiform papillae
Which of the following digestive structures is NOT lined by stratified
squamous epithelium?
a. Omasum
b.Rumen
c. Crop
d.Proventriculus
Proventriculus
Brünner’s glands are predominantly found in which intestinal segment?
a.Ileal submucosa
b.Jejunal mucosa
c.Duodenal submucosa
d.Colonic mucosa
Duodenal submucosa
Which cells are responsible for the production of enamel?
a.Ameloblasts
b.Odontoblasts
c.Cementoblasts
d.Fibroblasts
Ameloblasts
