Dog, Comparative, Embryology, & Histology Flashcards
In which of the following domestic animals does the esophagus consists entirely of smooth muscle?
a.cattle
b.goat
c.chicken
d.dog
Chicken
Hydrops occurs most often in which of the following domestic species?
a.cats
b.horses
c.cattle
d.pig
Cattle
Which cells are responsible for the production of enamel?
a.Ameloblasts
b.Odontoblasts
c.Cementoblasts
d.Fibroblasts
Ameloblasts
Which among the following domestic animals have a structure called torus pyloricus in the stomach?
a.Dogs and cats
b.Pig and ruminants
c.Horse
d.Chicken
Pig and ruminants
Which of the following ligaments is broken when spaying a bitch to bring the ovary to the incision site?
a.Proper ligament of the ovary
b.Ovarian ligament
c.Suspensory ligament of the ovary
d.Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Which of the following structures is present in small ruminants but absent in cattle?
a.renal papillae
b.renal calyces
c.renal pelvis
d.renal cortex
Renal pelvis
In dogs, how many lobes are present in the left lung?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
2
When one can finally see the evidence of the archenteron, the embryo is considered to be a:
a.gastrula
b.morula
c.blastula
d.nuerula
Gastrula
Wobbler syndrome affects which of the following vertebrae?
a.cervical
b.thoracic
c.lumbar
d.sacral
Cervical
Which of the following serves as the cranial boundary of the femoral triangle?
a.gracilis
b.pectineus
c.sartorius
d.biceps femoris
Sartorius
Which of the following muscles is the strongest extensor of the elbow?
a.biceps brachii
b.tensor fascia antebrachii
c.triceps brachii
d.extensor carpi radialis
Triceps brachii
Which stage of embryonic development implants into the uterine wall?
a.Gastrula
b.Zygote
c.Blastula
d.Morula
Blastula
Which of the following lobes of the liver is present in all domestic farm mammals?
a.Papillary process of the caudate lobe
b.Left lateral lobe
c.Right medial lobe
d.Quadrate lobe
Quadrate lobe
The carpus of which domestic species consists of 8 bones?
a.Dog
b.Sheep
c.Pig
d.Cattle
Pig
The floating ribs in chickens are the:
a.first pair of ribs only
b.second pair of ribs only
c.last pair of ribs only
d.both A and C
first pair of ribs only
The embryonic paramesonephric ducts will develop into which of the following structures?
a.Vulva
b.Vagina
c.Ductus deferens
d.Ductus epididymis
Vagina
Hydrops occurs most often in which of the following domestic species?
a.Pig
b.Horse
c.Sheep
d.Cattle
Cattle
In birds, the tarsometatarsal bone is composed of which of the following bones of the pelvic limb?
a.Fused central and distal tarsal bone with metatarsal II-IV bones
b.Distal tarsal bone and proximal end of the metatarsal I bone
c.Fused metatarsal I - V bones
d.All tarsal bones and all metatarsal bones
Fused central and distal tarsal bone with metatarsal II-IV bones
The following adult structures are derivatives of the foregut, except:
a.stomach
b.liver
c.spleen
d.rectum
Rectum
What is the ring of soft horn marking the transition between the skin and the horn?
a.caruncle
b.epikeras
c.tarsal pad
d.rachis
Epikeras
In dogs, the popliteal lymph node is present in the ______.
a.thoracic limb only
b.pelvic limb only
c.both thoracic and pelvic limbs
d.neither of the thoracic nor the pelvic limbs
Pelvic limb only
The formation of the mammalian diaphragm is primarily influenced by the:
a.Septum transversum
b.Septum secundum
c.Septum intermedium
d.Septum primum
Septum transversum
Which of the following domestic species has a firm penis even when not erect?
a.Pig
b.Dog
c.Horse
d.Cat
Pig
Radial nerve innervates the following muscles except:
a.Deltoideus
b.Supinator
c.Anconeus
d.Triceps brachii
Deltoideus
The bulge found between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata is the:
a.pons
b.corpora quadrigemina
c.olfactory bulb
d.thalamus
Pons
Zygomatic glands are buccal glands located medial to the zygomatic arch in:
a.Horse and cattle
b.Cattle and pig
c.Pig and cat
d.Cat and dog
Cat and dog
You need to perform ovariohysterectomy. Which of the following structures should be removed?
a.Ovaries only
b.Ovaries and uterus only
c.Ovaries and oviduct only
d.Ovaries, oviduct, and uterus
Ovaries, oviduct, and uterus
Which of the following muscle is present in horse?
a.Accessory head of the triceps brachii
b.Gluteobiceps
c.Subclavius
d.Cleidocervicalis
Subclavius
Which female animal has an ovulation fossa in the ovary?
a.Mare
b.Sow
c.Doe
d.Hen
Mare
Myenteric plexus is located in which layers of the digestive tract?
a.Tunica muscularis
b.Tunica submucosa
c.Lamina muscularis mucosae
d.Lamina propria
Tunica muscularis
The following animals have fibroelastic-type of penis, EXCEPT:
a.Boar
b.Bull
c.Buck
d.Stallion
Stallion
Nissl bodies in neurons are found in the:
a.Cell body (soma)
b.Axon terminals
c.Axon hillock
d.Anywhere in the neuron
Cell body (soma)
The adult remnant of the ductus arteriosus is the ligamentum arteriosum that connects the:
a.Pulmonary artery and vein
b.Pulmonary trunk and aorta
c.Right and left atria
d.Left and right ventricles
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Which of the following forms the middle part of each somite?
a.Sclerotome
b.Myotome
c.Syndetome
d.Dermatome
Myotome
The following are classified as epaxial muscles, except:
a.Longus coli
b.Transversospinalis
c.Longissimus
d.Iliocostalis
Longus coli
Barker foal syndrome results from lack of production of pulmonary surfactant by which type of cells?
a.Type I pneumocytes
b.Type II pneumocytes
c.Alveolar macrophages
d.Endothelial cells
Type II pneumocytes
How will you morphologically distinguish lymphocytes from a blood smear?
a.Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm
b.Bilobed nucleus and blue-purple granules
c.Large, kidney-shaped nucleus with abundant cytoplasm
d.Multilobed nucleus and faint purple granules
Large, round nucleus with a thin rim of cytoplasm
Pulvini cervicales is present in the cervix of which female animals?
a.Cow
b.Sow
c.Doe
d.Ewe
Sow
Right atrium:
a.Has pectinate muscles which are the interdigitating crisscross muscle bands
b.Opens at the pulmonary trunk
c.Has chordae tendinae that anchors the cusps of the valve
d.Is where the coronary artery branches out to deliver oxygen to the heart itself
Has pectinate muscles which are the interdigitating crisscross muscle bands
Which part of the hoof is analogous to the epidermis of the skin?
Stratum tectorium
Stratum medium
Stratum internum
Stratum lamellatum
Stratum tectorium
Rhombic lips are the first evidences of the embryonic development of which organ?
cerebrum
cerebellum
hypophysis cerebri
corpora quadrigemina
Cerebellum
The absence or reduction of one or more proximal limb segments often accompanied by abnormalities is called:
a.Hemimelia
b.Phocomelia
c.Ectromelia
d.Notomelia
Phocomelia
When the yolk of the egg is uniformly distributed through the cytoplasm, it is classified as:
a.Oligolecithal
b.Isolecithal
c.Telolecithal
d.Mesolecithal
Isolecithal
In dogs, what gives rise to the common carotid artery and right subclavian artery?
a.Aortic arch
b.Brachiocephalic trunk
c.Ascending aorta
d.Coronary artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Rouleaux formation is most commonly encountered in normal:
dogs
cattle
horses
pig
Horses
Sectorial teeth are composed of ___.
a.Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar
b.Upper 1st molar and lower 3rd premolar
c.Upper and lower 1st molars
d.Upper 4th premolar and lower 3rd premolar
Upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar
A pin placed in the calcaneus to stabilize the tuber calcanei would most likely pass through tendons of the:
a.gastrocnemius and deep digital flexor
b.Gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor
c.Superficial and deep digital flexor
d.Anconeus and popliteus
Gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor
The space of Disse is found in the:
a.teeth
b.cerebellum
c.kidney
d.liver
Liver
In brain ventricles, what is the opening that connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?
a.Interventricular foramina
b.Cerebral aqueduct
c.Median aperture
d.Lateral aperture
Interventricular foramina
The longest part of the nephron is the:
Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubules
Distal convolutes tubules
Loop of Henle
Proximal convoluted tubules
Which of the following superficial lymph nodes is normally palpable in the ox?
a.Lateral retropharyngeal l.n.
b.Axillary l.n.
c.Superficial popliteal l.n.
d.Cubital l.n.
Lateral retropharyngeal l.n.
Glands of Bartholin are the ___.
a.Urethral glands
b.Endometrial glands
c.Major vestibular glands
d.Cervical glands
Major vestibular glands
Skeletal muscles were derived from which embryonic germ layers?
a.endoderm
b.placoderm
c.mesoderm
d.ectoderm
Mesoderm
Which of the following bones forms the entire roof of the cranium in the ox and pig?
a.parietal bone
b.occipital bone
c.frontal bone
d.sphenoid bone
Frontal lobe
Gastric diverticulum is the extension of the pig’s:
a.Cardia
b.Corpus
c.Fundus
d.Pylorus
Fundus
Which layer of the wall of the hoof is also known as stratum medium, constitutes the bulk of the hoof and is devoid of stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum?
a.coronary epidermis
b.perioplic epidermis
c.stratum lamellatum
d.stratum tectorium
Coronary epidermis
The pelvic flexure in the colon of horses can be found in between the:
a.Right ventral colon and left ventral colon
b.Left ventral colon and left dorsal colon
c.Left dorsal colon and right dorsal colon
d.right ventral colon and right dorsal colon
Left ventral colon and left dorsal colon
How many bands or teniae are found in the small intestines of horses?
a.3
b.2
c.1
d.0
0
Which of the following species has a long lingual process in the basihyoid?
a.dog
b.cat
c.horse
d.ox
Horse
The portion of adjacent sarcomeres lying to either side of the Z-line of an uncontracted myofibril is:
a.A band
b.I band
c.H band
d.M band
I band
Thyroid gland of domestic mammals is normally composed of two lobes except the:
a.Dog
b.Horse
c.Pig
d.Cat
Pig
Corpora amylacea composed of cassein and tissue debris are located in:
a.Sudoriferous glands
b.Bowman’s glands
c.Sebaceous glands
d.Mammary glands
Mammary glands
Duct of Wirsung is absent in which of the following animals?
a.Sheep
b.Horse
c.Cattle
d.Dog
Cattle
The ureteric bud does NOT contribute to the formation of which structure?
a.Renal pelvis
b.Glomerulus
c.Collecting duct
d.Ureter
Glomerulus
Lens placodes are derived from which germ layer?
a.ectoderm
b.mesoderm
c.endoderm
d.mesenchyme
Ectoderm
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is the:
a.mesocardium
b.endocardium
c.epicardium
d.myocardium
Epicardium
Which lung lobe is missing in horse?
a.left cranial lobe
b.middle lobe
c.accessory lobe
d.right caudal lobe
Middle lobe
Which animal has a distinct demarcation line separating the the glandular from non-glandular part of its stomach?
a.Dog
b.Horse
c.Pig
d.Cat
Horse
The tunica media is poorly developed in:
common carotid a.artery
b.aorta
c.portal vein
d.carotid artery
Portal vein
Which type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?
a.Skeletal muscle
b.Cardiac muscle
c.Smooth muscle
d.Visceral muscle
Cardiac muscle
The following are parts of the uvea, except:
a.iris
b.ciliary body
c.cornea
d.choroid
Cornea
Hemal nodes are most likely present in which of the following animals?
a.Dog
b.Cattle
c.Pig
d.Horse
Cattle
The nuchal ligament is primarily composed of which tissue?
a.elastin
b.fibrous connective tissue
c.mesenchymal
d.dendritic
Elastin
Discrete raised areas called endometrial cups are distinguishing features of the placenta of which domestic species?
a.cat
b.pig
c.horse
d.cattle
Horse
Which of the following embryonic structures directly forms the retina and contributes to the formation of ciliary body and iris?
a.optic cup
b.lens placode
c.optic stalk
d.hyaloid artery
Lens placode
Which of the following muscles is being cut to relieve pain of hip dysplasia in dogs?
a.sartorius m.
b.gracilis m.
c.pectineus m.
d.tensor fascia latae m.
Pectineus m.
Which type of glial cells support the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
a.Astrocytes
b.Oligodendrocytes
c.Microglia
d.Schwann cells
Astrocytes
In a normal dog, an incision through the ventral abdominal wall, between the umbilicus and urinary bladder will most likely first reveal which structure?
a.Descending colon
b.Stomach
c.Greater omentum
d.Transverse colon
Greater omentum
Which of the following is the largest lymphoid organ?
a.Liver
b.Thymus
c.Peyer’s patches
d.Spleen
Spleen
What is the common site of blood collection in pigs and horses?
a.Jugular vein
b.Cephalic vein
c.Saphenous vein
d.Brachial vein
Jugular vein
Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is sometimes called the Butchers bible?
a.rumen
b.reticulum
c.omasum
d.abomasum
Omasum
Which of the following structures pass through the cribriform foramina in the ethmoid bone?
a.facial nerve
b.vestibulocochlear nerve
c.optic nerve
d.olfactory nerve
Olfactory nerve
What particular organ is affected when the animal has patent urachus?
a.Eyes
b.Urinary canal
c.Blood vessels
d.Gall bladder
Urinary canal
In the developing eye, the optic vesicle induces the overlying ectoderm to form the:
a.Retina
b.Cornea
c.Lens
d.Sclera
Lens
Which animal pairs has only the brachiocephalic artery arising from the aortic arch while subclavian arteries arise from brachiocephalic trunk?
a.Horse and cattle
b.dog and cat
c.pig and horse
d.cattle and dog
Horse and cattle
Which component of the spleen contains lymphoid follicles with germinal centers?
a.Red pulp
b.White pulp
c.Capsule
d.Trabeculae
White pulp
In the anatomy of dog’s kidney, renal crest is present. Which of the following best describes renal crest?
a.They are the fused renal papillae
b.They are the opening to the renal sinus
c.They are the expanded proximal end of the ureter
d.They are the cup-shaped structures collecting the formed urine
They are the fused renal papillae
Most growth in height of a young dog occurs in the distal portion of the humerus and femur. This growth occurs in the:
a.Physes
b.Metaphyses
c.Diaphyses
d.Articular cartilage
Physes
The anterior chamber is located in between which of the following eye parts?
a.Cornea and sclera
b.Cornea and iris
c.Lens and iris
d.Iris and retina
Cornea and iris
Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the spinal cord?
a.Tela choroidea
b.Dura mater
c.Arachnoid mater
d.Pia mater
Pia mater
The acrosome already covers about two-thirds of the condensed nucleus of the spermatid during which phase of spermiogenesis?
a.Maturation phase
b.Acrosome phase
c.Golgi phase
d.Cap phase
Acrosome phase
Which of the following components of the respiratory system develops first?
a.lungs
b.trachea
c.larynx
d.pharynx
Pharynx
The nuchal ligament which helps support the head is absent in which domestic species?
a.horse
b.cattle
c.cat
d.pig
Cat
Anatomically, which of the following group of dogs will most likely develop a syndrome showing difficulty in breathing?
a.Brachycephalic
b.Mesocephalic
c.Mesaticephalic
d.Dolicocephalic
Brachycephalic
Which male sex accessory sex gland is missing in stallion?
a.prostate gland
b.vesicular gland
c.bulbourethral gland
d.none of the above
None of the above
Where would you find brown adipose tissue in an animal’s body?
a.In the walls of large arteries
b.In the Wharton’s jelly
c.In the developing embryo
d.In hibernating animals
In hibernating animals
Upon examination of the blood smear submitted to you, you observed that cells have slight anisocytosis and poikilocytosis with minimal central parlor. These are some of the normal characteristics of RBC of what animal?
a.dog
b.horse
c.goat
d.cattle
Goat
What is the main structural unit of gas exchange in the avian lung?
a.Alveolus
b.Parabronchus
c.Air sac
d.Mesobronchus
Parabronchus
Anatomically, most of the variations in the large intestine can be seen in the:
a.ascending colon
b.transverse colon
c.descending colon
d.rectum
Ascending colon
When present, which of the following is often termed as the ”wolf tooth” in equine dentition?
a.Upper canine tooth
b.Upper 1st premolar
c.Lower 1st premolar
d.Last 4th premolar
Upper 1st premolar
