Embryology Flashcards
The mesoderm that splits into an outer parietal and an inner splanchnic layer is:
a. Dorsal mesoderm
b.Lateral mesoderm
c.Somatic mesoderm
d.Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral mesoderm
Which mesoderm becomes organized into somitomeres and somites?
a. Lateral mesoderm
b.Intermediate mesoderm
c.Paraxial mesoderm
d.Splanchnic mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
Which of the following forms the middle part of each somite?
a.Sclerotome
b.Myotome
c.Syndetome
d.Dermatome
Myotome
In which cell cycle phase do neurons permanently function without dividing?
a.G0 phase
b.G1 phase
c.M phase
d.S phase
G0 phase
Which organelle is primarily concentrated in the middle piece of a sperm cell?
a.Golgi apparatus
b.Mitochondria
c. Centriole
d.Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Type A, intermediate, and type B are types of:
a.Spermatocytes
b.Spermatozoa
c.Spermatids
d.Spermatogonia
Spermatogonia
The acrosome already covers about two-thirds of the condensed nucleus of the spermatid during which phase of spermiogenesis?
a.Maturation phase
b.Acrosome phase
c.Golgi phase
d.Cap phase
Acrosome phase
Which cells surround the primary oocyte in a primary follicle?
a.Theca cells
b.Cuboidal granulosa cells
c. Flattened granulosa cells
d.Luteal cells
Cuboidal granulosa cells
What notable structural change occurs during the transition of a primary to a secondary ovarian follicle?
a.Formation of the antrum
b.Single layer of granulosa cells
c.Multiple layers of granulosa cells and theca cells
d.Ovulation
Multiple layers of granulosa cells and theca cells
The prominent translucent acellular layer which is composed of the condensation of oocyte-secreted glycoproteins is:
a.Membrana granulosa
b.Cumulus oophorus
c. Corona radiata
d.Zona pellucida
Zona pellucida
What forms immediately after the rupture of the Graafian follicle during ovulation?
a.Corpus luteum
b.Corpus albicans
c.Corpus hemorrhagicum
d.Corpus cavernosum
Corpus hemorrhagicum
For entry into the ovum, the spermatozoa must first pass through the:
a.Vitelline membrane
b.Corona radiata
c.Zona pellucida
d.Theca folliculi
Corona radiata
The most reliable criterion that a successful fertilization occurred is:
a.Fusion of the sperm and oocyte membrane
b.Fusion of male and female pronuclei
c.Binding of the sperm to the zona pellucida
d.Digestion of the zona pellucida
Fusion of male and female pronuclei
When the yolk of the egg is uniformly distributed through the cytoplasm,
it is classified as:
a.Oligolecithal
b.Centrolecithal
c.Telolecithal
d.Mesolecithal
Centrolecithal
Yolk is several times greater than the cytoplasm in which type of egg?
a.Mesolecithal
b.Polylecithal
c. Isolecithal
d.Oligolecithal
Polylecithal
The term “morula” refers to which stage of embryonic development?
a.A single-cell zygote
b.A solid ball of cells
c.A hollow ball of cells
d.A multi-layered structure
A single-cell zygote
What is the main function of the trophoblast in early embryonic
development?
a.Formation of the embryo proper
b.Formation of extraembryonic membranes
c.Nutrient absorption
d.Waste elimination
Formation of extraembryonic membranes
In avian species, the embryo will develop in the:
a.Blastocoele
b.Area opaca
c.Area pellucida
d.Yolk
Area pellucida
The funnel shape depression of the Hensen’s node is called:
a.Primitive pit
b.Primitive ridge
c.Primitive groove
d.Primitive streak
Primitive pit
Hydrops occurs most often in which of the following domestic
species?
a.Pig
b.Horse
c.Sheep
d.Cattle
Cattle
Which stage of embryonic development implants into the uterine wall?
a.Gastrula
b.Zygote
c.Blastula
d.Morula
Blastula
When the blastocyst burrows through the uterine epithelium to the uterine stroma and becomes completely cut off from the uterine lumen, the implantation is said to be:
a.Centric
b.Eccentric
c.Superficial
d.Interstitial
Interstitial
The embryonic disc in mammals is composed of which two layers?
a.Trophoblast and inner cell mass
b.Epiblast and hypoblast
c.Ectoderm and mesoderm
d.Endoderm and mesoderm
Epiblast and hypoblast
Which organ system is the first to develop in the mammalian embryo?
a.Respiratory
b.Circulatory
c.Nervous
d.Digestive
Nervous
Which of the following brain vesicles remain undivided during embryonic development?
a.Mesencephalon
b.Telencephalon
c.Prosencephalon
d.Metencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombic lips are the first evidences of the embryonic development of which organ?
a.Cerebrum
b.Cerebellum
c. Hypophysis cerebri
d.Corpora quadrigemina
Cerebellum
The neural crest cells migrate to form various structures EXCEPT:
a.Central nervous system
b.Facial cartilage and bones
c.Adrenal medulla
d.Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
The process of gastrulation results in the formation of which
structure?
a.Blastocoele
b.Neural tube
c.Germ layers
d.Somites
Germ layers
Which of the following structures is a derivative of the endoderm?
a.Adrenal cortex
b.Oviduct
c.Axial and limb muscles
d.Pancreas
Pancreas
Which of the following bone is formed by desmal ossification?
a.Humerus
b.Tibia
c. Cervical vertebrae
d.Occipital bone
Occipital bone
What process of programmed cell death shapes the digits during limb development?
a. Patterning
b.Differentiation
c. Morphogenesis
d.Apoptosis
Apoptosis
The embryonic precursor to the mammalian kidney is the:
a. Pronephros
b.Mesonephros
c. Metanephros
d.All of these
Metanephros
The ureteric bud does NOT contribute to the formation of which structure?
a. Renal pelvis
b.Glomerulus
c. Collecting duct
d.Ureter
Glomerulus
The primitive gut tube is divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut based on:
a. Blood supply
b.Length of the tube
c. Neural crest cell migration
d.Rotation of the tube
Blood supply
Which of the following adult structures originated from the
embryonic foregut?
a. Jejunum
b.Liver
c. Cecum
d.Cloaca
Liver
Which structure is responsible for the development of the adenohypophysis?
a. Proctodaeum
b.Infundibulum
c. Rathke’s pouch
d.Otic placode
Rathke’s pouch
The pharyngeal pouches contribute to the development of the:
a. Heart
b.Ears
c. Adrenal gland
d.Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
In which part of the mammalian embryo does hematopoiesis first occur?
a. Liver
b.Bone marrow
c. Spleen
d.Yolk sac
Yolk sac
Which part of the adult heart is formed by the sinus venosus?
a. Right atrium
b.Left atrium
c. Right ventricle
d.Left ventricle
Right atrium
In the developing heart, the atrioventricular (AV) canal is partitioned by which structure?
a.Endocardial cushions
b.Bulbus cordis
c. Foramen ovale
d.Truncus arteriosus
Endocardial cushions
Which structure forms the precursor to the vertebral column?
a. Primitive streak
b.Neural tube
c. Sclerotomes
d.Notochord
Notochord
In the developing eye, the optic vesicle induces the overlying
ectoderm to form the:
a. Retina
b.Cornea
c. Lens
d.Sclera
Lens
Which of the following stages of lung development establishes the bronchioles and terminal bronchioles?
a. Canalicular
b.Alveolar
c. Saccular
d.Pseudoglandular
Pseudoglandular
Which embryonic structure is the primordia to the mammalian lung?
a. Tracheoesophageal groove
b.Respiratory diverticulum
c. Alveolar buds
d.Septum transversum
Respiratory diverticulum
Barker foal syndrome results from lack of production of pulmonary
surfactant by which type of cells?
a. Type I pneumocytes
b.Type II pneumocytes
c. Alveolar macrophages
d.Endothelial cells
Type II pneumocytes
The amnion primarily functions to:
a. Exchange gases
b.Provide nutrients
c. Protect the embryo
d.Remove waste
Protect the embryo
How many tissue layers are there in a synepitheliochorial type of placenta?
a. 3
b.4
c. 5
d.6
5
Specialized microzones of chorionic villi known as microcotyledons
characterize the placenta of:
a.Cattle
b.Cat
c.Horse
d.Pig
Horse
The embryonic paramesonephric ducts will develop into which of the
following structures?
a. Vulva
b.Vagina
c. Ductus deferens
d.Ductus epididymis
Vagina
The formation of the mammalian diaphragm is primarily influenced
by the:
a. Septum transversum
b.Septum secundum
c. Septum intermedium
d.Septum primum
Septum transversum
