Histology

Question 1

Diameter of cell

Answer 1

10 micrometers

Question 2

Diameter of RBC

Answer 2

7 mictometers

Question 3

E Coli length

Answer 3

1 micrometer

Question 4

Protein length

Answer 4

some nanometers

Question 5

What % of our cells is made up of membranous compartments?

Answer 5

50%.

Question 6

rER roles

Answer 6

Continuous with nuclear membrane, translating mRNA into protein with ribosomes

Question 7

sER roles

Answer 7

Continuous with rER, lipid metabolism and synthesis + detox. Is a tubular network.

Question 8

Golgi apparatus characteristics

Answer 8

Proteins move from cis to trans phase, and there occur the post-translational modifications.

Question 9

Is the nucleolus transient?

Answer 9

Yes: appears only during interphase - chromosomal replication.

Question 10

What are lysosomes?

Answer 10

Organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes to degrade substances and obtain following products: amino acids, sugars and nucleotides.

Question 11

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 11

Organelles producing hydrogen peroxide from oxidative enzymes. They are common in the liver and the kidney and degrade alcohol.

Question 12

What are the 2 subdivisions of the protoplasm?

Answer 12

Nucleoplasm (= karyoplasm)
Cytoplasm (cytosol = fluid component)

Question 13

Where is cuboidal epithelium mostly found?

Answer 13

Simple cuboidal = small ducts
Stratified cuboidal = large ducts

Also: thyroid gland = cuboidal simple epithelium

Question 14

Type of epithelium found in skin

Answer 14

Stratified squamous keratinized epithlium

Question 15

Where is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium found?

Answer 15

Oral cavity and vagina

Question 16

What type of epithelium is found in GIT?

Answer 16

Simple columnar

Question 17

What type of epithelium is found in reproductive tract?

Answer 17

Stratified columnar

Question 18

What type of epithelium is found in respiratory tract (nasal cavity)?

Answer 18

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 19

Where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 19

Urinary bladder

Question 20

Type of epithelium found in blood vessels

Answer 20

Simple squamous

Question 21

Examples of specialized CT

Answer 21

Bone, cartilage, teeth

Question 22

Dense irregular CT locations and characteristics

Answer 22

Acellular: contains a lot of collagen
Soles of our feet and hands

Question 23

Dense regular CT locations

Answer 23

Ligaments

Question 24

Loose CT characteristics

Answer 24

Cellular (lots of cells, eg. fat), but little collagen

Question 25

2 important components of CT made by fibroblasts

Answer 25

Collagen and elastin fibers

Question 26

4 cell types of CT

Answer 26

1. Mesenchymal cells (eg. adipocytes, fibrocytes)
2. Macrophages and histiocytes
3. Mast cells releasing histamine and heparin
4. Plasma cells

Question 27

3 layers of skin from top to bottom

Answer 27

Epidermis (epithelia)
Dermis (CT)
Hypodermis (contains fat)

Question 28

4 layers of the epidermis from top to bottom

Answer 28

Stratum corneum (keratinized cells)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum (first layer at base of epithelium)

Question 29

2 layers of the dermis

Answer 29

1. Papillary layer (loose CT)
2. Reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and hair follicles)

Question 30

3 regions of intercalated disks

Answer 30

1. Zonula Adherens
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap junctions