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anatomy & physiology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

types of tissues

A
  1. epithelial- lining and covering, very cellular
  2. connective- support, lots of fibers
  3. muscle- movement, smooth, cardiac
  4. nervous- control
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2
Q

epithelial: gen. characteristics

A

-covers a body surface or lines body cavity) wraps organs on inside and out)
-forms most glands (sweat and salivary)

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3
Q

epithelial: functions

A
  • protection (skin and epithelium in throat as we swallow)
    -absorption
    -secretion
    -ion transport
    -filtration (kidneys)
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4
Q

special characteristics of epithelial tissues

A
  1. cellularity: cells are close with little/no space btwn them
  2. specialized contacts: many have junctions for attachment and communication
  3. polarity: cells at apical surface and basal are very different
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5
Q

special characteristics of epithelial tissues cont…

A
  1. support by connective tissue: get all of oxygen and nutrients from connective tissue (take skin cells off, they die)
  2. avascular: no blood supply, gets it from connective tissue
  3. innervated
  4. regenerative
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6
Q

lateral surface features (junctions)

A
  1. tight
  2. adherens
  3. desmosome
    *gap junctions near bottom
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7
Q

classification/naming of epithelia

A

1st name: number of layers (simple or stratified)
Last name: describes shape of cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)

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8
Q

squamous

A

cells wider than tall (plate or scale like)

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9
Q

cuboidal

A

cells as wide as tall (nucleus is usually right in the middle)

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10
Q

columnar

A

cells taller than wide, like columns

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11
Q

what epithelial tissues don’t follow naming convention?

A
  1. pseudostratified
  2. transitional
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12
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

single layer of flat cells with disk shaped nuclei

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13
Q

special types of simple squamous epithelium

A
  1. endoepithelium (inner covering- slick lining to hollow organs)
  2. mesoepithelium (middle covering)- lines pleural and pericardial cavities
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14
Q

function of simple squamous epithelium

A
  1. passage of materials by passive diffusion or filtration
  2. secretes lubricating substances (like in pericardial cavity, heart is always moving and needs lubricant)
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15
Q

location of simple squamous epithelium

A
  1. aveoli of lungs
  2. kidneys
  3. lining of heart and blood vessels, serosac?
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16
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical central nuclei
*donut with cubes and their nuclei

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17
Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion and absorption (in glands, secreting oil in face, sweat, saliva)

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18
Q

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

-kidneys
-secreting portions of small glands (saliva and sweat glands)
-ovary

19
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

single layer of column shaped cells with oval nuclei

20
Q

special characteristics of simple columnar epithelium

A
  1. may have cilia at their apical surface to help move mucus
  2. may have goblet cells that contain mucin granules *if it has goblet cells, it usually has cilia
21
Q

function of simple columnar epithelium

A

*if it has cilia, it’s not for absorption, but:
1. absorption, secretion of mucus (goblet cells), enzymes
2. ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells with cilia

22
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelium (NON CILIATED FORM)

A
23
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelium (CILIATED FORM)

A

Lines small bronchi, fallopian tubes, oviducts, uterus

24
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A
  1. all cells originate at basement membrane
  2. only tall cells reach apical surface
  3. may contain cilia and goblet cells
  4. nuclei lie at varying heights within cell (gives false impression of stratification)
25
Q

To be truly stratified…

A

you need some cells that don’t touch the basement membrane

26
Q

Function of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Secretion of mucus, propulsion of mucus by cilia

27
Q

Location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium (NON CILIATED TYPE)

A

Ducts of male reproductive tubes and large glands

28
Q

Location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium (CILIATED TYPE)

A

Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract

29
Q

Major role for stratified cells

A

protection

30
Q

Stratified epithelia…

A
  1. contain 2 or more layres of cells
  2. regenerate from BELOW
  3. major role is protection
  4. are named according to the shape of cells at APICAL LAYER
31
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Many layers of cells- squamous in shape
*deeper layers of cells may appear cuboidal
-thickest epithelial tissue- adapted for protection from abrasion

32
Q

Specific types of stratified squamous epithelium

A
  1. keratinized (redundant friction): contain protective protein, keratin. surface levels are dead and full of keratin.
  2. non-keratinized: forms lining of body openings (inside cheeks, bc of friction between cheek and teeth)
33
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

34
Q

location of stratified squamous epithelium

A

keratinized: epidermis (skin- callouses)
non-keratinized: lining of esophagus, mouth, vagina

35
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

-basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar
-superficial cells are dome shaped or squamous
-nuclei are all at different levels
*BASICALLLY, A MESS OF STRATIFIED IRREGULAR SHAPED CELLS)

36
Q

Function of transitional epithelium

A

stretches and permits distention of urinary bladder (when it expands as it fills or contracts)

37
Q

Location of transitional epithelium

A

Lines uterus, !!!!!urinary bladder!!!!!

38
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A

Ducts carry products of exocrine glands to epithelial surface

39
Q

Glandular Epithelium- glands

A
  1. mucus secreting glands
  2. sweat and oil glands
  3. salivary glands (secreting digestive enzymes)
  4. liver and pancreas
  5. mammary glands
40
Q

exocrine

A

ducts (salivary, sweat, oil glands in skin)

41
Q

endocrine

A

ductless (goes directly into blood)

42
Q

Glandular epithelium…

A

MAY BE UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR
*only unicellular if exocrine gland is a goblet cell

43
Q

Unicellular exocrine gland (goblet cell)

A

-produce mucin- condensed as granules which rapidly expand like shaving cream when excreted
-Mucin + water = mucus
-protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces

anatomy & physiology (20 decks)

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