Histological Techniques Flashcards
What is the purpose for Histological Techniques?
-Storing Tissue Samples
What is Formaldehyde?
-Preservative
How is preserved tissue sliced?
-Thinly
How is a tissue ‘impregnated’ with wax?
-Dehydrated first then wax added
Word used to describe changes to tissue?
-Artifacts
What happens when dye is added to a tissue?
- Binds to molecules
- Adding dye is called ‘Stains’
Name the two types for Dye. (H&E)
- Haematoxylin
- Eoisn
- Have affinity for opposite pH
What happens when Haematoxylin dye is added?
- It is alkaline and has affinity for acidic molecules
- Turns purple/blue
What happens when Eosin is added?
- It is acidic and has affinity for basic (alkaline) molecules
- Turns pink
Name X4 Basic Tissue Types
-Epithelial
-Connective
-Nervous
-Muscle
(MENC)
What are the features of Epithelial Tissue?
- Adhesions-strong bands between tissues and organs
- Basal lamina- basement membrane
- Basal Surface
What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue?
- Physical Barrier
- Chemical Barrier
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Containment
- Locomotion-movement
What features can classify epithelial tissue?
- Shape
- Surface
- No. of layers
- Specialsed cells
What are X3 shapes of Epithelial Tissue
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
What are glands made of?
-Epithelial Tissue
Name X2 Types of Glands
-Endocrine and Exocrine
Function of Endocrine Glands?
-Product is secreted towards Basal end of cell (bottom(
Function of Exocrine Glands?
-Product is secreted towards the Apical end of cell (top)
Name X3 Types of Connective Tissue
-Soft
-Hard
-Blood and Lymph
(determined by no. cells packed)
Name types of Soft Tissue?
-Tendons and Ligaments
Name types of Hard Tissue
- Hyland Cartilage
- Bone
What does Blood and Lymph Tissue form?
-Specialised cells
Name X4 key features of Connective Tissue
- Extracellular Matrix
- Fibres-collagen etc
- Tissue fluid
- Ground Substance
What are Osteocytes?
-cells of the bone
What are Chondrocytes?
-Cells of the Cartilage
What are Adipose Cells?
-Fat Cells
What are Fibroblast cells?
-Produces and maintains Extracellular Matrix
What is the Extracellular Matrix?
- Network of Extracellular Macromolecules (big)
- NOT Same as Mitochondrial Matrix
What are features of Soft Connective Tissue?
-Soft and flexible (e.g ligaments)
Name X3 Types of Cartilage
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
What is Muscle tissue made of?
- Muscle cells
- Contains Contractile fibres
What X2 fibres provide force of energy to Muscle cells to contract?
-Myosin and Actin
Name X3 Types of Muscle Tissue
-Cardiac
-Skeletal
-Smooth
(CSS)
Features of Smooth Muscle?
- Simple
- No Striations- lines
- Involuntary
Features of Cardiac Muscle?
- Striated
- Forms heart wall (X3 Layers)
- Voluntary
Features of Skeletal Muscle?
- Multi-nucleated
- Sacrcolemma-elongated nuclei
- Striated
- Voluntary
What are X2 Components of the Nervous Tissue?
- Neurons and Glial Cells
1: 10 ratio
Name X4 Types of Neurons’ Structures
- Multipolar-Many dendrites and X1 Axon (body)
- Bipolar-X1 Axon and X1 Dendrite
- Pseduounipolar-Axons BOTH directions
- Unipolar-X1 Axon ONLY
(Named according total no. of parts)
Function of Glial Cells?
- Provide structural support to neutrons
- Forms Myelin Sheath
- Maintains Homeostatic Environment
Name X3 Types of Glial Cells
- Astrocytes-provide support (‘a’-amazing help)
- Microglial-Immune Surveillance
- Oligodendrocytes-produce myelin sheath
What is name for Glial Cells in PNS?
-Schwann Cells
