Cardiovascular System Flashcards
X3 Parts of Cardiovascular System?
- Arterial System
- Venous System
- The Heart
X2 Circulatory Systems
- Systemic
- Pulmonary
Function of the Systemic System?
- Left side heart > Right
- Travels to capillary beds of organs too
Function of Pulmonary System?
-Right side heart > Lungs (as ‘pulmonary’
Order of blood flow?
Right Atrium> Right Ventricle>Lungs> Left Atrium> Left Ventricle > Body
Name the X3 Layers of the heart?
-Epicardium (Outer)
-Myocardium (Middle)
-Endocardium- (Inner)
(ALL Cardiac muscle)
Function of valves?
- Found in veins
- Prevent back flow of blood
- X2 Types - SL and AV
Function of Coronary Artery?
-Provides glucose and oxygen to the heart
Explain all steps involved in the Conducting System of the heart.
1) SAN spontaneously excited and sends an electrical impulse to the AVN
2) AVN Impulse travels to the Purkinje Fibres of the ventricles
3) Impulse spreads across myocardium layer causing Ventricular Systole
Name the X3 Layers of the blood vessels.
- Tunica Intimia
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Adventitia
What is the Tunica Media layer made of?
Smooth muscle and elastic fibres
What is the Tunica Adventitia layer made of?
Connective Tissue
Name the X3 Types of blood vessels
Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
What are the Arteries?
- Carry blood away from the heart
- Work under High pressure
- Thick Muscular wall
- Small Lumen
What are the Veins?
- Carry blood towards the heart
- Low blood pressure
- Thin walled
- Large Lumen
- Contain Valves
What are the Capillaries?
- Site of exchange for materials and gases
- One cell thick wall
- VERY small lumen
What are Venules?
-SMALL Blood vessels
What is Bifurcation and Trifurcation?
Bifurcation-Divides into two
Trifurcation- Divides into three
What does ‘Anastomoses’ mean?
Arteries connect WITHOUT Interruption from capillaries
Collateral Arteries mean?
Alternative routes
What parts of the arteries allow Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation?
- Smooth muscle
- Elastic wall-stretch and recoil
What is Sympathetic Tone?
- Sympathetic NS controls arteries
- If increased Sympathetic NS action= Vasodilation as inc HR and blood flow
What type of blood vessel can Vasodilate and Vasoconstrict?
Arteries
How does Sympathetic Tone control Arteries?
-Tonic Conduction of Action Potentials
What are End Arteries?
-An artery that is only source of oxygenated blood to that ‘territory’-area
What happens if an End Artery becomes blocked?
- Myocardial Infarction-tissue death
- Hypoxia
Name X3 Types of Infarction
- Myocardial Infarction
- Retinal Infarction
- Fingertip
Name X4 Parts of the Aorta
(AAAT)
- Ascending Aorta
- Arch of the Aorta
- Abdominal Aorta
- Thoracic Aorta
Name the first branch of the Aorta
-Coronary Artery
What is the Aorta?
- Largest Artery in the body
- Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
Where is the Carotid Pulse?
-Bifurcation (divides into two) of the Carotid Artery
What is the Femoral Pulse
Continuation of the external iliac artery
What is the Brachial Pulse?
-At brachial artery- anterior to elbow joint
What is the Popliteal Pulse?
-Posterior to knee joint -‘pop knee..’
Which blood vessel to we measure the pulse from?
Artery
What is the Radial Pulse?
-Artery on right side of the wrist (Anatomical Position)
What is the Dorsalis Pedis Pulse?
- Artery bottom of foot
- ‘Dorsal’-near sole foot
- ‘Pedis’-podiatry-feet
What is Venous Return?
-Veins carry blood back to the heart
What does ‘Venous Comitantes’ mean?
-When veins run in pairs
What are X2 Types of Veins?
Deep and Superficial
What do Deep and Superficial Veins form?
- Deep Venous System
- Superficial Venous System
What are X2 Venous Systems that drain blood?
- Hepatic Venous System-Drains blood from GI Tract + Associated Organs with the liver-called ‘Cleaning’
- Systemic Venous System-Drains blood ALL other organs
What is Lymphatic Drainage?
-Lymph vessels collect excess/ waste fluids to be excreted
What is name for when excess fluid enters lymph system?
-Lymph
