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Histology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

X3 Parts of Cardiovascular System?

A
  • Arterial System
  • Venous System
  • The Heart
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2
Q

X2 Circulatory Systems

A
  • Systemic

- Pulmonary

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3
Q

Function of the Systemic System?

A
  • Left side heart > Right

- Travels to capillary beds of organs too

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4
Q

Function of Pulmonary System?

A

-Right side heart > Lungs (as ‘pulmonary’

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5
Q

Order of blood flow?

A

Right Atrium> Right Ventricle>Lungs> Left Atrium> Left Ventricle > Body

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6
Q

Name the X3 Layers of the heart?

A

-Epicardium (Outer)
-Myocardium (Middle)
-Endocardium- (Inner)
(ALL Cardiac muscle)

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7
Q

Function of valves?

A
  • Found in veins
  • Prevent back flow of blood
  • X2 Types - SL and AV
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8
Q

Function of Coronary Artery?

A

-Provides glucose and oxygen to the heart

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9
Q

Explain all steps involved in the Conducting System of the heart.

A

1) SAN spontaneously excited and sends an electrical impulse to the AVN
2) AVN Impulse travels to the Purkinje Fibres of the ventricles
3) Impulse spreads across myocardium layer causing Ventricular Systole

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10
Q

Name the X3 Layers of the blood vessels.

A
  • Tunica Intimia
  • Tunica Media
  • Tunica Adventitia
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11
Q

What is the Tunica Media layer made of?

A

Smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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12
Q

What is the Tunica Adventitia layer made of?

A

Connective Tissue

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13
Q

Name the X3 Types of blood vessels

A

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

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14
Q

What are the Arteries?

A
  • Carry blood away from the heart
  • Work under High pressure
  • Thick Muscular wall
  • Small Lumen
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15
Q

What are the Veins?

A
  • Carry blood towards the heart
  • Low blood pressure
  • Thin walled
  • Large Lumen
  • Contain Valves
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16
Q

What are the Capillaries?

A
  • Site of exchange for materials and gases
  • One cell thick wall
  • VERY small lumen
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17
Q

What are Venules?

A

-SMALL Blood vessels

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18
Q

What is Bifurcation and Trifurcation?

A

Bifurcation-Divides into two

Trifurcation- Divides into three

19
Q

What does ‘Anastomoses’ mean?

A

Arteries connect WITHOUT Interruption from capillaries

20
Q

Collateral Arteries mean?

A

Alternative routes

21
Q

What parts of the arteries allow Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation?

A
  • Smooth muscle

- Elastic wall-stretch and recoil

22
Q

What is Sympathetic Tone?

A
  • Sympathetic NS controls arteries

- If increased Sympathetic NS action= Vasodilation as inc HR and blood flow

23
Q

What type of blood vessel can Vasodilate and Vasoconstrict?

A

Arteries

24
Q

How does Sympathetic Tone control Arteries?

A

-Tonic Conduction of Action Potentials

25
Q

What are End Arteries?

A

-An artery that is only source of oxygenated blood to that ‘territory’-area

26
Q

What happens if an End Artery becomes blocked?

A
  • Myocardial Infarction-tissue death

- Hypoxia

27
Q

Name X3 Types of Infarction

A
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Retinal Infarction
  • Fingertip
28
Q

Name X4 Parts of the Aorta

A

(AAAT)

  • Ascending Aorta
  • Arch of the Aorta
  • Abdominal Aorta
  • Thoracic Aorta
29
Q

Name the first branch of the Aorta

A

-Coronary Artery

30
Q

What is the Aorta?

A
  • Largest Artery in the body

- Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

31
Q

Where is the Carotid Pulse?

A

-Bifurcation (divides into two) of the Carotid Artery

32
Q

What is the Femoral Pulse

A

Continuation of the external iliac artery

33
Q

What is the Brachial Pulse?

A

-At brachial artery- anterior to elbow joint

34
Q

What is the Popliteal Pulse?

A

-Posterior to knee joint -‘pop knee..’

35
Q

Which blood vessel to we measure the pulse from?

A

Artery

36
Q

What is the Radial Pulse?

A

-Artery on right side of the wrist (Anatomical Position)

37
Q

What is the Dorsalis Pedis Pulse?

A
  • Artery bottom of foot
  • ‘Dorsal’-near sole foot
  • ‘Pedis’-podiatry-feet
38
Q

What is Venous Return?

A

-Veins carry blood back to the heart

39
Q

What does ‘Venous Comitantes’ mean?

A

-When veins run in pairs

40
Q

What are X2 Types of Veins?

A

Deep and Superficial

41
Q

What do Deep and Superficial Veins form?

A
  • Deep Venous System

- Superficial Venous System

42
Q

What are X2 Venous Systems that drain blood?

A
  • Hepatic Venous System-Drains blood from GI Tract + Associated Organs with the liver-called ‘Cleaning’
  • Systemic Venous System-Drains blood ALL other organs
43
Q

What is Lymphatic Drainage?

A

-Lymph vessels collect excess/ waste fluids to be excreted

44
Q

What is name for when excess fluid enters lymph system?

A

-Lymph

Histology (6 decks)

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