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Histology > Anatomy of a Cell > Flashcards

Anatomy of a Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of cells?

A

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

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2
Q

Which cell type contains a Cytoskeleton?

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

What is the Surface Area: Volume Ratio for each cell type?

A

Eukaryotes- Small surface area to volume ratio

Prokaryotes- Large Surface Area to volume ratio

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4
Q

Which type of cell has more intracellular membrane structures?

A

Eukaryotes- as large volume

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5
Q

What is the Plasmalemma?

A
  • Type of cell membrane
  • Contains lipids and proteins
  • Separates Cytoplasm and Extracellular environment
  • Selectively permeable
  • Ions Impermeable
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6
Q

Why can the Plasmalemma change shape easily?

A

-It’s a fluid

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7
Q

Name the Intracellular Components found inside Eukaryotes.

A
  • RER
  • SER
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosomes
  • Nucleus
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8
Q

Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

-Forms a network of connecting membrane compartments
Smooth ER- Lacks ribosomes- Lipid Synthesis (no ribosomes)
Rough ER- Budded with Ribosomes- Protein Synthesis

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9
Q

Function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic respiration-ATP produced

-Forms Cristae (location of Electron-Chain Reaction)

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10
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus?

A
  • Post-Translational Modification

- Made of flattened membrane discs

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11
Q

Function of Lysosomes?

A

-Contain Hydrolytic Enzymes to break up/digest molecules

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12
Q

Function of Nucleus?

A
  • Enclosed by a nuclear envelope and has nuclear pores
  • Contains DNA
  • Controls the cell
  • DNA Transcription occurs here
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13
Q

What are ‘Inclusions?’

A
  • Non-membrane bound organelles

- Contain nutrients, pigment molecules and Secretory products

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14
Q

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?

A
  • Provides structural support to the cell
  • Maintained by cytoskeletal proteins
  • Inside membrane
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15
Q

Name the X3 Layers that make up the Cytoskeleton

A

1) Microfilaments
2) Intermediate Filaments
3) Microtubules

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16
Q

What are Microfilaments and their function?

A
  • Composed of the protein Actin

- Polymerise and Depolymerise

17
Q

What are the Intermediate Filaments and their function?

A
  • Composed of X6 proteins

- Combine intracellular elements together

18
Q

What are Microtubules?

A
  • Composed of X2 Tubulin proteins
  • Radiate from the MTOC
  • Can form spindle fibres
19
Q

What are the two types of Actin?

A

Globular and Filamentous

20
Q

Name the two proteins that are associated with Microtubules

A

Kinesin and Dyesin

21
Q

Function of Ribosomes?

A
  • Protein Syntheis

- Made of proteins and tRNA

22
Q

What is the role of Intracellular Junctions?

A

-Links individual cells together to form a functional unit-Tissue

23
Q

Name X3 types of Intracellular Junctions

A

-Occluding
-Anchoring
-Communication
(ACO)

24
Q

Function of Occluding Junctions?

A

-Diffusion Barrier

25
Q

What is the other X2 names for Occluding Junctions?

A
  • Tight Junctions

- Zonula Occludens

26
Q

Function of anchoring junctions?

A
  • Provides mechanical stability (like an anchor..)

- LINK adjacent cells

27
Q

What is the other name for anchoring junctions?

A

-Zonula Adherens

28
Q

Function of Communicating junctions?

A

-Selective diffusion between cells

29
Q

What is the other name for Communicating Junctions?

A

-Gap Junctions

30
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A
  • Process when membrane ‘Invaginates’-turns inside out

- Outside material is brought inside the cell

31
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

-Fluid form of Endocytosis

32
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A
  • Phagocyte engulfs pathogen

- Contains lysosomes- contain digestive enzymes to break up pathogen

33
Q

What is a Phagosome?

A

Vesicle forms around engulfed pathogen

34
Q

What is a Phagolysosome?

A

Phagosome + Lysosome

Histology (6 decks)

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