Histological disorders (complete) Flashcards
What histological disorder does this image represent
Acute inflammation
What histological disorder is seen in this image?
Apoptosis
What histological disorder does this image represent
Atrophy
What histological disorder does this image represent
Calcification
What histological disorder does this image represent
Casseous Necrosis
What histological disorder does this image represent
Chronic Inflammation
What histological disorder does this image represent
Granulomateus Inflammation
What histological disorder does this image represent
Hydropic change
What histological disorder does this image represent
Hyperplasia
What histological disorder does this image represent
Hypertrophy
What histological disorder does this image represent
Karyorrhexis
What histological disorder does this image represent
Metaplasia
What histological disorder does this image represent
Monomorphism
What histological disorder does this image represent
Multinucleation
What histological disorder does this image represent
Pleomorphism
What histological disorder does this image represent
Pyknosis
What happens histologically in apoptosis
- visible fragmented cells
`acute inflammation
- increased blood flow
- increased abmount of leukocytes
What is apoptosis
programmed cell death
In acute inflammation what is an abcess
a confluent collection of neutrophils
What happens histologically in Atrophy
- decrease in cell size
- Larger cells on one side, smaller on the other
What happens histologically in calcification
- a build up of calcium in the tissues
What are the two types of calcificaiton when referring to histological disorders
- metastatic calcification
- dystrophic calcification
What are psammoma bodies
round, lamellated calcifications in the tissue
What happens histologically in Chronic inflammation
- increase in WBCs
- NO neutrophils
- caused by ongoing inflammation
What happens histologically in Hyperplasia
- increase in number of cells, not size
- May result in a larger organ or tissue
- can be a result of hormonal stimulation
- risks becoming cancerous
What happens histologically in Hypertrophy
- increase in cell size, Not number
- happens often in overworked muscle
What happens histologically in Hydropic Change
- early reversable cell injury
- cellular swelling due to incorrect ion-pump function
What happens histologically in Karyorrhexis
- nucleus breaks into fragments
- irreversable
What happens histologically in metaplasia
- A mature cell type changes to a different mature cell type
- it is reversable
- Results from environmental stimulus
What happens histologically in Monmorphism
- Many cells that show little difference in shape and size
- The Nuclei also show little difference in size and shape
What happens histologically in Multinucleation
- A single cell that has multiple nuclei
What happens histologically in Pleomorphism
- cell populations with differences in the size and shape of the cell
- these cell populations can also show many different sized nuclei
What happens histologically in Pyknosis
- an irreversable damage to a cell
- characterized by condensation and increased basophilia
What happens histologically in Caseous Necrosis
- obliteration of the underlying tissue
- formation of granular necrotic debris
- Cheesy appearance
- associtated with M. tuberculosis
What do you call excessive fluid in a mesothelial-cavity
effusion
What is mesothelioma
cancer of the mesothelium
What happens histologically in mesothelioma
the typical simple squamous cells begin to form microvilli (not normal here). These cells can cause the basement membrane to break, which can allow the abnormal squamous cells to metastisize
What is the endothelium
the simple squamous epithelium of the blood vessels
What happens histologically in Atherosclerosis
cholesterol, lipoids and lipophages depost in the endothelium as plaque. They come from below the basement membrane and can disrupt that.
What kind of epithelium is found in the mesothelium
simple squamous epithelium
What kind of epithelium is found in endothelium
simple squamous epithelium
What kind of epithelium is found in the thyroid
simple cuboidal epithelium
What happens histologically in hyperthyroidism
an increase in production and secretion of thyroid hormones leads to the normally cuboidal cells of the thyroid becoming columnar cells
What happens histologically in hypothyroidism
due to low levels of thyroid hormone secretion the normally cuboidal cells become flat and squamous
What is the normal type of tissue in the small intestine
simple columnar epithelium
What happens histologically in Celiac disease
Gluten reacts with the lining of the small intestine, there the immune system attacks it and damages the villi and microvilli. this leads to lymphocytes between the columnar epithelial cells.
What is the normal kind of epithelium in the trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
(with goblet cells)
What happens to the epithelium of the trachea in bronchitis
the ability of the cilia is inhibited, and the cilia are lost. mucus secretion increases causing excessive mucus, it also can’t be moved well because of the lack of cilia. the pseudostratified columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium
What kind of epithelium do you find on your skin
Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)
What happens histologically in psoriasis
- Dialated capillaries lead to neutrophils entering the epithelium causing abcesses and pustules
- thickened epidermis caused by parakeratotic skales
What kind of epithelium do you normally find in the esophagus
stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)
What happens histologically in Barret syndrome (Barret Esophagus)
Chronic reflux disease causes the stratified squamous epithelium to become simple columnar epithelium. This can lead to adenocarcinoma
