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DMD 5243 > Histological disorders (complete) > Flashcards

Histological disorders (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Acute inflammation

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2
Q

What histological disorder is seen in this image?

A

Apoptosis

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3
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Atrophy

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4
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Calcification

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5
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Casseous Necrosis

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6
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Chronic Inflammation

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7
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Granulomateus Inflammation

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8
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Hydropic change

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9
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Hyperplasia

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10
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Hypertrophy

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11
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Karyorrhexis

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12
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Metaplasia

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13
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Monomorphism

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14
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Multinucleation

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15
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Pleomorphism

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16
Q

What histological disorder does this image represent

A

Pyknosis

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17
Q

What happens histologically in apoptosis

A
  1. visible fragmented cells
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18
Q

`acute inflammation

A
  1. increased blood flow
  2. increased abmount of leukocytes
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19
Q

What is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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20
Q

In acute inflammation what is an abcess

A

a confluent collection of neutrophils

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21
Q

What happens histologically in Atrophy

A
  1. decrease in cell size
  2. Larger cells on one side, smaller on the other
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22
Q

What happens histologically in calcification

A
  1. a build up of calcium in the tissues
23
Q

What are the two types of calcificaiton when referring to histological disorders

A
  1. metastatic calcification
  2. dystrophic calcification
24
Q

What are psammoma bodies

A

round, lamellated calcifications in the tissue

25
Q

What happens histologically in Chronic inflammation

A
  1. increase in WBCs
  2. NO neutrophils
  3. caused by ongoing inflammation
26
Q

What happens histologically in Hyperplasia

A
  1. increase in number of cells, not size
  2. May result in a larger organ or tissue
  3. can be a result of hormonal stimulation
  4. risks becoming cancerous
27
Q

What happens histologically in Hypertrophy

A
  1. increase in cell size, Not number
  2. happens often in overworked muscle
28
Q

What happens histologically in Hydropic Change

A
  1. early reversable cell injury
  2. cellular swelling due to incorrect ion-pump function
29
Q

What happens histologically in Karyorrhexis

A
  1. nucleus breaks into fragments
  2. irreversable
30
Q

What happens histologically in metaplasia

A
  1. A mature cell type changes to a different mature cell type
  2. it is reversable
  3. Results from environmental stimulus
31
Q

What happens histologically in Monmorphism

A
  1. Many cells that show little difference in shape and size
  2. The Nuclei also show little difference in size and shape
32
Q

What happens histologically in Multinucleation

A
  1. A single cell that has multiple nuclei
33
Q

What happens histologically in Pleomorphism

A
  1. cell populations with differences in the size and shape of the cell
  2. these cell populations can also show many different sized nuclei
34
Q

What happens histologically in Pyknosis

A
  1. an irreversable damage to a cell
  2. characterized by condensation and increased basophilia
35
Q

What happens histologically in Caseous Necrosis

A
  1. obliteration of the underlying tissue
  2. formation of granular necrotic debris
  3. Cheesy appearance
  4. associtated with M. tuberculosis
36
Q

What do you call excessive fluid in a mesothelial-cavity

A

effusion

37
Q

What is mesothelioma

A

cancer of the mesothelium

38
Q

What happens histologically in mesothelioma

A

the typical simple squamous cells begin to form microvilli (not normal here). These cells can cause the basement membrane to break, which can allow the abnormal squamous cells to metastisize

39
Q

What is the endothelium

A

the simple squamous epithelium of the blood vessels

40
Q

What happens histologically in Atherosclerosis

A

cholesterol, lipoids and lipophages depost in the endothelium as plaque. They come from below the basement membrane and can disrupt that.

41
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

42
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

43
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the thyroid

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

44
Q

What happens histologically in hyperthyroidism

A

an increase in production and secretion of thyroid hormones leads to the normally cuboidal cells of the thyroid becoming columnar cells

45
Q

What happens histologically in hypothyroidism

A

due to low levels of thyroid hormone secretion the normally cuboidal cells become flat and squamous

46
Q

What is the normal type of tissue in the small intestine

A

simple columnar epithelium

47
Q

What happens histologically in Celiac disease

A

Gluten reacts with the lining of the small intestine, there the immune system attacks it and damages the villi and microvilli. this leads to lymphocytes between the columnar epithelial cells.

48
Q

What is the normal kind of epithelium in the trachea

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

(with goblet cells)

49
Q

What happens to the epithelium of the trachea in bronchitis

A

the ability of the cilia is inhibited, and the cilia are lost. mucus secretion increases causing excessive mucus, it also can’t be moved well because of the lack of cilia. the pseudostratified columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium

50
Q

What kind of epithelium do you find on your skin

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

51
Q

What happens histologically in psoriasis

A
  1. Dialated capillaries lead to neutrophils entering the epithelium causing abcesses and pustules
  2. thickened epidermis caused by parakeratotic skales
52
Q

What kind of epithelium do you normally find in the esophagus

A

stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

53
Q

What happens histologically in Barret syndrome (Barret Esophagus)

A

Chronic reflux disease causes the stratified squamous epithelium to become simple columnar epithelium. This can lead to adenocarcinoma

DMD 5243 (17 decks)

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