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GI-week 1 > HistoGI part 1 > Flashcards

HistoGI part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the inner lining of the tubular organs?

A

mucosa

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2
Q

What are the 4 components of the tubular structures mucosa

A

epithelium; basement membrane; lamina propria; muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

What is the tubular structures muscularis mucosa made up of?

A

smooth muscle, sometimes lacking or replaced by elastic fibers

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4
Q

What is the tubular structures submuscosa made up of?

A

conenctive tissue, glands, blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

What is the tubular structures supporting wall made up of?

A

smooth or skeletal muscle, bone cartilage,

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6
Q

what is the tubular structures adventia or the serosa made up of>

A

loose connective tissue,

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7
Q

what is tubular structures adventia referred to as serosa

A

when its covered by mesothelium

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8
Q

What are the surface features of the lip?

A

cutaneaus area, red area, oral muscosa,

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9
Q

What is the lip cutaneous area made up of?

A

stratifed squamous keratinizing epithetlium, has sweat glands, hair and sebaceous glands

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10
Q

what is the lip red area made up up?

A

stratifed squamous keratinizing epithetlium,tall papillae with vsacular netowrk

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11
Q

what is the lip oral mucosa made up of?

A

stratifed squamous keratinizing epithetlium,, and has serious mucous glands

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12
Q

Is the submucosa distinguishable in the lip?

A

no it blends with the mucosa

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13
Q

The supporting wall of the lip is made up of?

A

skeletal muscle of the orbcularis oris

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14
Q

the cheek is different from the lip’s mucosa and submucosa how?

A

has more elastic tissue to preventing biting of mucosa

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15
Q

What is the cheeks suppproting wall?

A

buccinator

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16
Q

the mucosa of the hard plate is made up of?

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium

and lamina propria (many papillae with vsacular core)

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17
Q

Where is the submucosa absent in the hard plate?

A

in the midline, Anterior 1/3 has much fat

Posterior 2/3 has many mucous glands

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18
Q

what is the supporting wall of the hard plate?

A

bone

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19
Q

What is the mucosa of the soft plate made up of?

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium on oral side
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium on nasal side
and lamina propria

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20
Q

what is the submucosa of the soft plate made up of?

A

mixed glands

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21
Q

waht is the supporting wall of the soft plate

A

skeletal muscle and CT

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22
Q

what is the ventral surface of the tongue made up of

A

Stratified squamous non-keratnizing epithelium

Mixed glands beneath epithelium

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23
Q

What does the dorsal surface of the tongue mucosa contain

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
Lamina propria connects to underlying c.t.
Modified to form various papillae
Serous glands beneath circumvallate papillae
Mucous glands empty into tonsillar crypts

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24
Q

What is the supporting wall of the tongue

A

skeletal muscle arranged in 3 planes

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25
Q

What is the nerve supply to the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 by cranial nerves V & VII

Posterior 1/3 by cranial nerves IX and X

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26
Q

what are the tongue papillae?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

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27
Q

What is the most common?

A

filiform

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28
Q

Where is filiform papillae found?

A

Occur in parallel rows across tongue

Keratinization most obvious at tip of papillae

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29
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae found?

A

Fewer in number; more numerous towards tip of tongue

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30
Q

Characteristcs of the funigform papillae?

A

Club shaped
May have slight reddish tint due to underlying vascularization
Some taste buds in epithelium
Supplied by cranial nerve VII

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31
Q

Where is the Circumvallate Papillae? how mnay of them are there?

A

Adjacent to sulcus terminalis

7-12 in number

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32
Q

What are characterics of the Circumvallate Papillae

A

Each papilla is surrounded by a deep trench or moat
Taste buds numerous in sides of papillae
Supplied by cranial nerve IX
Serous glands of von Ebner empty into trench

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33
Q

Do humans have foliate papillae?

A

Not really, have assocaited taste buds

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34
Q

What papilla are assocaited with taste buds?

A

circumvallate, fungiform, and foliate papillae

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35
Q

Where are taste buds?

A

embedded in epithelial layer

36
Q

what are the 3 types of taste buds

A

Sustentacular (supporting) cells
Taste receptor cells
Basal cells (give rise to other 2 types)

37
Q

What are the function of taste buds

A

Perceive modalities of taste (salt, sweet, sour, bitter)

38
Q

how fast do taste buds turn over?

A

10 days, regnerated when nerve is reconnected and the nerve fibers have regenerated-NERVE DEPENDANT

39
Q

Enamel of the teeth is produced by

A

Ameloblasts
consists of 3% protein; 97% mineral
Produce dentin during tooth growth and some throughout life

40
Q

Dentin of the teeth are made by

A

Odontoblasts

composed of 30% organic; 70% mineral

41
Q

CEmentum of the teeth is made by and does what?

A

Cementoblasts

Anchors tooth to periodontal ligament

42
Q

Periodontal ligament of the teeth are made by and do what

A

Fibroblasts

Anchors tooth to alveolar bone

43
Q

Dental lamina aka primary teeth are of what orgin?

A

ectodermal origin- neural crest derivative

44
Q

dental lamina give rise to

A

Gives rise to enamel organ (tooth germs) Five tooth germs in each half of mandible or maxilla

45
Q

Dental papilla are of what origin

A

Mesodermal in origin

46
Q

what does the dental papilla give rise to

A

cells which form dentin

47
Q

what does the Labial lamina do?

A

Separates lip and cheek from developing gums and teeth

48
Q

Tooth germs for permanent teeth develop when and where

A

Develop from dental lamina on lingual side of primary teeth, beginning at 10th week of life

49
Q

When do moral teeth germs develop?

A

i. 1st molar – 4th month intrauterine life
ii. 2nd molar – 1st year of age
iii. 3rd molar – 4 years of age

50
Q

What do the Ameloblasts develop from

A

dental lamina

51
Q

What do ameloblasts do? Do we always have them

A

Produce enamel only during tooth growth

Ameloblasts lost with tooth development

52
Q

what do odontoblasts develop from

A

dental papilla

53
Q

what are the major salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

54
Q

WHAT ARE THE minor glands

A

Mucous-serous glands in lamina propria and submucosa of oral cavity

55
Q

what is saliva made up of

A

Water, cellular & bacterial debris, leukocytes, salts, salivary amylase, mucus, secretory IgA, desquamated epithelial cells

56
Q

HOW MUCH do we produce a day

A

1000-1500 ml saliva/day in humans

57
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A

Lubrication & moistening of buccal mucosa and lips
Washes mouth of cellular and food debris
Moistens food for easy swallowing
Moistens food for tasting
Enzymes may initiate digestion of the food

58
Q

What is the morphology of major salivary glands

A

Connective tissue capsule (capsule of parotid is especially pronounced)
Lobes and lobules

59
Q

What are the 5 ducts?

A

excretory duct, Striated duct, Intercalated duct

muscous alveolus, serous alveolus

60
Q

What is the Excretory duct made up of?

A

Epithelium is stratified squamous non-keratinizing near oral cavity, sourrounded by CT

61
Q

where is the excretory duct?

A

Found in interlobar and interlobular areas,

62
Q

where is the striated duct?

A

within the lobule

63
Q

what is a straited duct consist of

A

Epithelium is simple columnar or high cuboidal
Basal part of cell has striations and is eosinophilic due to infoldings of the plasma membrane and the presence of mitochondria

64
Q

Where is the Intercalated duct

A

within the lobule

65
Q

WHAT are some characteristics of the intercalated duct

A

Epithelium is cuboidal to low cuboidal epithelium, No striations evident, Lumen is very narrow, Part near secretory unit provided with myoepithelial cells

66
Q

What are characteristics of the Mucous alveolus

A

Cuboidal or columnar cells, Nuclei compressed near base of cell, Apical portion of cell light staining with H and E, but PAS positive

67
Q

What are characteristics of th Serous alveolus

A

Cuboidal or columnar cells, Distinct nuclei, Cells have rough endoplasmic reticulum at base with zymogen granules in apex

68
Q

what are myoepithelial cells and where are they found

A

Specialized smooth muscle cells

Between serous and/or mucous cells and basement membrane

69
Q

what do myoepithetlial cells do?

A

Assist in discharge from the secretory cells

Associated with both the secretory unit and the beginning of the intercalated duct

70
Q

What are demilunes? where are they?

A

Secretory units that contain both serous and mucous cells. Formed by serous secreting cells Occupy the blind end of the secretory unit

71
Q

what are the parotid glands made up of?

A

Prominent connective tissue capsule with c.t. separating lobes & lobules
Fat cells and fatty tissue common
Striated and intercalated ducts prominent

72
Q

what kind of secretion comes form the parotid gland

A

Acini almost 100% serous

73
Q

What is the submandibular gland made up of

A

Connnective tissue capsule present but not conspicuous
Striated ducts well defined
Intercalated ducts scarce
Mucous alveoli frequently capped with serous demilunes

74
Q

what kind of secretion comes form the submandibular gland

A

Acini are 10-25% mucous & the rest serous

75
Q

what is the sublingual gland made up of

A 
Connective tissue capsule indistinct
Connective tissue septae are present within the gland
Excretory ducts prominent
Striated ducts not prevalent
Intercalated ducts non-existent
76
Q

what is the secretion made up of coming from the sublinguinal gland

A

Acini 75% mucous with serous demilunes

77
Q

whats the path of the esophagus

A

Begins at level of cricoid cartilage, passes through superior and posterior mediastinum, pierces the diaphragm, and becomes continuous with the stomach

78
Q

What is the mucosa of the esphagus made up of

A

Epithelium-stratified squamous non-keratinizing; it is replaced every 2-3 days

79
Q

what is the lamina propria of the esophagus made up of

A

Loose connective tissue, Mucous glands (cardiac glands in upper and lower thirds)

80
Q

what is the muscularis mucosae of the esphagus made up of

A

Very well developed layer, Smooth muscle fibers oriented primarily in a longitudinal direction, with some inner circular

81
Q

the Submucosa esophagus is made up of

A

Mucous-secreting glands in middle third Submucosal nerve plexus present, but difficult to identify Contains larger blood vessels and lymphatics

82
Q

Muscularis externa of the esophagus is made up of

A

Upper third is skeletal muscle
Middle third is primarily smooth, with some skeletal
Lower third is smooth muscle
Myenteric nerve plexus located between outer and inner layer

83
Q

Circumvallate papillae

are innervated by?

A

CN9

84
Q

Fungiform taste buds are innervated by?

A

CN7

85
Q

The muscles of the tongue is innervated by?

A

hypoglossal 12!

GI-week 1 (11 decks)

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