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GI-week 1 > Dispostion of peritoneum > Flashcards

Dispostion of peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Due to differential growth, what ways do the embryo begin to fold during the 4th week?

A

fold in both cranio-caudal and lateral planes

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2
Q

Where do the lateral folds fuse?

A

fuse in the midline: splanchnic layers meeting splanchnic layers, somatic layers meeting somatic layers.

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3
Q

What forms the primitiative gut?

A

The enclosed endoderm (continuous with the yolk sac) and surrounding splanchnic mesoderm forms a tube

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4
Q

What is the yolk sac now called after the folding of the lateral folds

A

umilical vesicle

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5
Q

What does the coelom become in the abdominal region?

A

the peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

What separates the thorax from the abdomen ?

A

Septum transversum, which has descended with the cardiogenic area during head folding

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7
Q

The septum transversum also contributes to..?

A

contributes to the respiratory diaphragm, ventral mesentery and liver.

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8
Q

What are the walls of the peritoneal cavitty lines with?

A

parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

what is the peritoneum derived from?

A

mesenchymal cells;

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10
Q

what does the peritoneum do?

A

secretes a small amount of serous fluid for lubrication between surfaces of organs that extend into it.

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11
Q

what is ascities?

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to some disease process.

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12
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Lines the wall of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

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13
Q

What is beneath the parietal peritoneum?

A

layer of connective tissue called the extraperitoneal layer (fatty

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14
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

Covers the organs (viscera) suspended into the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

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15
Q

are the visceral and parietal peritoneum continuous with each other?

A

yes

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16
Q

What are the 3 specializations of the peritoneam

A

mesentery - omentum- ligament

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17
Q

what is the mesentery made up of?

A

2 layers of peritoneum

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18
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Folds of peritoneum connecting the stomach to another organ.

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19
Q

What happens to the somatic mesoderm

A

during the trilamniar disk folding, it becomes the trunk wall lined with peritoneum

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20
Q

THe somatic mesoderm is continuous with

A

the splanchinic mesoderm

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21
Q

Where is the somatic mesoderm continuous with the splanchnic mesoderm

A

at dorsal and ventral mesenteries, walls of the foregut (and its derivatives) visceral peritoneum

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22
Q

the dorsal mesentery is continous with?

A

ventral mesentrary

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23
Q

What is the yolk sac made from

A

the endoderm of the viscera,

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24
Q

who does the yolk sac have continuity with

A

UMBILICUS

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25
Q

Where is the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity?

A

extends across entire breadth of abdomen, from diaphragm to pelvis,

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26
Q

what are the organs in the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity said to be

A

either peritoneal or intraperitoneal

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27
Q

What forms the lesser sac (omental bursa)

A

rotation of the gut

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28
Q

where is the lesser sac

A

behind the stomach, liver, lesser omentum, part of the greater omentum

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29
Q

what does the lesser sac communicate with

A

the greater sac via epiploic foramen

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30
Q

What does the greater omentum connect, how many layers is it?

A

stomach to transverse colon, four layers and potential space, 4

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31
Q

where is the lesser onmentum

A

stomach and part of the duodeum to lvier

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32
Q

what are the 3 parts of the greater omentum

A

gastrocolic, gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic

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33
Q

between the 4 layers of the greater omentum is what

A

a potential space,

34
Q

what is the lesser omentum derived from?

A

ventral mesentery.

35
Q

what are the two parts of the lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

36
Q

what are the greater and lesser sacs connceted by

A

Omental (Epiploic) Foramen=foramen winslow

37
Q

the peritoneal refections on the posterior wall form what other structures?

A

Mesentery, greater omentum and assorted ligaments.

38
Q

where deos the dorsal mesentery run to and from?

A

the esophagus all the way to the rectum

39
Q

where does the ventral mesentery run? and contribute to?

A

contributes to the falciform ligament. It extends only as far as the umbilicus, the midgut.

40
Q

the endoderm lining of the gut tube derived from what?

A

the yolk sac

41
Q

the splanchic mesoderm around the gut tube with differentiate into?

A

layers of smooth muscle and connective tissue

42
Q

where do the umbilical artery and veins lie?

A

inferior border of the ventral mesentery.

43
Q

what artery supplies the forgut?

A

celiac trunk

44
Q

what artery supplies the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

45
Q

what supplies the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery.

46
Q

what determines how mobile an organ is?

A

its legnth of its mesentary

47
Q

what is an organ that only has peritoneum on their anterior surface

A

extraperitoneal or retroperitoneal.

48
Q

what are the three parts of the small intenstine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

49
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

partly retroperitoneal

50
Q

What is the jejunum and ileum are suspended by

A

Mesentery

51
Q

how do you know youre at the transtion bwtn the jejunum and duodenum?

A

Jejunum begins when the intestine becomes intraperitoneal, at the duodenal-jejunal flexure.

52
Q

What supports the D-J transition?

A

suspensory muscle (ligament) of the duodenum

53
Q

what is a Paraduodenal hernia:

A

ntestine can strangulate in the paraduodenal fossa

54
Q

the decdeing and ascending colon are what orietation in the abdomen?

A

secondary retroperitoneal because their mesentery disappears

55
Q

whats the function of the sigmoid mesocolon

A

suspends the sigmoid colon from posterior wall

56
Q

What does the paracolic gutters do?

A

direct the flow of fluids (ascites, blood, pus, errant cancer cells, infection) toward the pelvis when the individual is standing. The R infracolic space is blind ended.

57
Q

what are the peritoneal attachments of the slpeen?

A

gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

58
Q

waht ligaments does the liver have?

A

Falciform Ligament and the Ligamentum Teres in the free border

59
Q

Ligementum teres is a remnant of what fetal stucture?

A

fetal left umbilical vein

60
Q

what are the lobes of the liver?

A

right, left, behind is the quadrate and caudate

61
Q

what does the liver develp from?

A

septum transversum.

62
Q

waht else delevops from the septum transversum.

A

diaphragm also derives in part from the septum, as does a part of the ventral mesentery.

63
Q

what does the biliary apparatus develop from

A

primitive gut

64
Q

what does the liver develops within

A

ventral mesentery

65
Q

what forms the coronary ligaments on the liver

A

visceral peritoneum reflects off the liver onto the diaphragm forming the coronary ligaments that surround the bare area, where no peritoneum intervenes between the liver tissue and the diaphragm.

66
Q

Where are the suphrenic recesses and what do they do?

A

above the liver, below the diaphragm- sites for

resorption from peritoneal fluid

67
Q

what does the Hepatoduodenal Ligament contain

A

portal triad: Common Bile Duct, Artery Proper, Portal Vein

68
Q

what does the hepatogastric ligament do

A

encloses right and left gastric artires

69
Q

what is the nerve supply to the parietal peritoneum?

A

Innervated by somatic afferent fibers (sensitive to pain, touch, temperature, pressure).
intercostal nerves (lower 6, T7-T12)
phrenic nerves, lumbar nerve (first, L1)

70
Q

what is the nerve supply to the Visceral peritoneum

A

Innervated by visceral afferent fibers running with the autonomic nervous system (sensitive to distention-leads to sensation of pain). Visceral pain is less localized and more diffuse.

71
Q

What organs are derived from the foregut? So whats their blood supply?

A 
Esophagus.
Stomach.
Duodenum (proximal half)
Liver.
Gallbladder.
Pancreas.
Spleen (Note that it is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ)
CELIAC artery
72
Q

What organs are derived from the midgut? So whats their blood supply?

A 
Duodenum (distal half of 2nd part, 3rd and 4th parts)
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Hepatic flexure of colon
Transverse colon (proximal two-thirds)
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
73
Q

What organs are derived from the foregut? So whats their blood supply?

A

distal third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure, the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

74
Q

The 1st and 4th part of the duodenum is (intra/retro)peritoneal

A

intraperitoneal

75
Q

The 2nd and 3rd part of the duodenum (intra/retro)peritoneal

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

76
Q

Whats the fossa called when the duodenum becomes retropertineal>

A

paraduodenal fossa

77
Q

what parts of the colon are secondary peritoneal?

A

ascending and descending colon

78
Q

What parts of the colon are peritoneal?

A

transverse colon and sigmoid colon

79
Q

What peritoneal is the pancreas?

A

secondary

80
Q

Bounderies of the lesser sac (Omental bursa)

A

anteriorly by the quadrate lobe of the liver, the stomach, lesser omentum and gastrocolic ligament. Posteriorly it is marked by the pancreas. Its left lateral margin is made by the left kidney and adrenal gland. Its boundary on the right is made by the epiploic foramen and lesser omentum

81
Q

What are L1 branches called? What do they supply?

A

Iliohypogastric Nerve (L1)- muscles, skin of wall, and the parietal peritoneum

82
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum that lines the diaphram intervatied by?

A

phrenic

GI-week 1 (11 decks)

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