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GI week 2 > histo part2 > Flashcards

histo part2 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of epithelium does the stomach have?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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2
Q

What does the lamina propria of the stomach contain?

A

GLANDS! Gastric, pyloric, cardiac
Also cells! Mast cells, plasma cells, white blood cells, smooth muscle cells, small blood vessels, diffuse lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

What does the submucosa of the stomach contain?

A

loose CT, larger blood vessels, lymphs and autonomic nerve plexi

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4
Q

What layers of the muscarlis externa thicken to form the pyloric sphincter?

A

innter and middle

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5
Q

Where is the myenteric nerve plexi

A

bwtn the middle and outer layers of the muscuarlis externa

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6
Q

The surface region of the body and fundus extend into the lamina propria to form what

A

gastric pits, 2-4 glands open at the bottom of each put

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7
Q

What is the entrance of the glandular region called? what happens there>

A

ishmus, germinative zone-cells are renewed,

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8
Q

Where is the most mitotic region in the musocsa of the body and fundus?

A

NECK!also has musuc secreting musocsa neck cells and parietal cells

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9
Q

The cells of the gastric or fundic glands do what and are what?

A

secrete acid and enzymes of the stomach, parietal cells, chief cells (zymogenic), enteroendrocrine cells

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10
Q

What kind of cells are the mucous neck cells? what do they do?

A

cuboidal to low columnar in shape and secrete mucous to protect against HCL and enzymes

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11
Q

Where are parietal cells most numerous?

A

in the neck and upper portion of the body glands

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12
Q

What are parietal cells characterized by?

A

numberous mitochondria and canaliculi, eosinopgilic

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13
Q

What does the parietal cell secrete?

A

intrinsic factor (necesseary for B12 absorption) from the ilium and HCL

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14
Q

What activates a parietal cell?

A

cholingeric nerve endings, gastrin and histamine

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15
Q

Where are cheif cells/zymogenic cells most numberous?

A

basal region of gland

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16
Q

What does the chief cell secrete?

A

pepsinogen, whichis converted to pepsin in the presence of HCL

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17
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

conteres proteins to peptides

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18
Q

Enteroendorcine cells (DNES) secrete what? and where?

A

hormone or hormone like products into the lamina propria or the vascular system

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19
Q

A-stomach Produces what and action?

A

glucagon- hepatic glycogenolysis

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20
Q

G-pyloris produces what and action?

A

gastin- stimulates gastrin acid secretion

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21
Q

S-small intenstine produces what and action?

A

secretin- pancreatic and biliary bicab and water secretion

22
Q

K-small intestine hormone and action?

A

GIP- inhibits gastin acid secretion

23
Q

L small intestine secretions what and does what

A

glucagon like substance (glicentin), hepatic glycogenolysis

24
Q

I small intestine secretes what and action

A

CCK, pancreatic enzyme secretion, gallbladder contraction

25
Q

D-pyloris and duodenum secrets what and does what

A

somatostain- inhibits other endoricne cells

26
Q

Mo small intestine

A

Motillin, increases gut motility

27
Q

EC- digestive tract

A

seratonin, substance P- increase gut motility

28
Q

D1 digestive tract

A

VIP, ion and water secretion, increased gut motility

29
Q

Some features of the glandular region of the pyloric region

A

Simple columnar epithelium
Simple, branched, coiled tubular glands extend from bottom of gastric pit to muscularis mucosae
Cells are mucous cells similar to mucous neck cells

30
Q

Different bwtn the cardiac region and pyloric region?

A

gastric pits of the cardiac region are only 1/4 thickness of the muscosa

31
Q

Functions of the stomach? (4)

A

Mixes food to produce chyme
Begins digestion process
Produces intrinsic factor for absorption of vitamin B12 (extrinsic factor) from ileum
Some absorption (but not much)

32
Q

Functions of the small intenstine?

A

Complete digestion of food

Absorb final products of digestion

33
Q

Whera re the plicae ciculares found?

A

Duodenum and upper jejum, NOT IN THE ILEUM, may increase the surface area by a factor of 3

34
Q

Whats the most characteristic feature of the small intestine

A

VILLI, formed by the musocsal lining, also has distinct muscarlis mucosa and plicae circulares

35
Q

the submucosa of the small intestine contains what

A

core of plicae cicularies, large blood vessels, lymph cells and submucosa nerve plexi with post gang cell bodies

36
Q

The muscularis of the SI is made up of what

A

two layers of smooth muscle(Inner circular layer

Outer longitudinal layer), myenteric nerve plexus bwtn them,

37
Q

Serosa is present everywhere except?

A

areas which are retro-peritoneal like parts of the duodemun

38
Q

The villus epitheloum of the SI contains what?

A

villus epithlium (simple columnar), absorptive cells, goblet cells, enteroendorcine cells,

39
Q

The crypt epithelium on the Si contains what?

A 
simple columnar epithelium with 
Absorptive columnar cells
Goblet cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Paneth cells
Undifferentiated cells (stem cells)
40
Q

What does the lamina propria of the SI do?

A

CT core around each villus, has a lacteal, capilarries and venules present and lots of cells!

41
Q

What is a characteristic feature of intestinal crypts?

A

they extend into the lumen of the SI, the muscarlis mucosa does not extent into the vilus

42
Q

The crypts of lieberkuhn (intestinal glands), characteristics?

A

open at base of vili, extend into the muscarlis mucosa, paneth cells at the base of crypts

43
Q

Characterics feautures of absoprtive columnar cells?

A

numberious microvilli on the free srface, brush boarder contains enzymes which help with giestion and sbroption

44
Q

Characterics of goblet cells?

A

muscus secretiing cells, the increase from the duodenum to the colon

45
Q

Characteristics of the enteroendrocine cells?

A

found adjacent to the BM, secrete hormones

46
Q

Characteristics of paneth cells?

A

found at the base of crypts, red or pink granules, has lysozyme, maybe helps regulate intestinal bacteria

47
Q

characteristics of undifferentiated cells?

A

free ribosomes, source of intestnial carcinoma

48
Q

Where are brunners glands? what do they do?

A

duodenum in the submucosa and lamina propria, secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid from the stomach,

49
Q

Peyers patches are found where? and are?

A

ileum, lympathic nodules that secrete IgA

50
Q

What cells are located above the peyers patches? purpose?

A

M cells- endocytose antigen and transport it into lymph tissue

51
Q

What is the important of tight junctions of intestinal epithelium?

A

compartmentalizes membrane proteins, requires materials to be absorbed first to enter the absoprtive cell

GI week 2 (8 decks)

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