Histo. Digestive Glands Flashcards
Salivary gland, liver, pancreas, GB
_______ gland secretions are to lubricate and moisten the oral mm
accessory Salivary gland
Name 4 accessory salivary glands
- labial
- buccal
- lingual
- palatine
name 3 major salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
_____ splits starches and immunoglobulin (IgA)
Amylase
____ are the secretory untis
acini
_____ acini are rounded. Cells are pyramidal with rounded nuclei and granular cytoplam. They secrete a watery albuminous secretion
serous acini
Serous acini secrete a _____ secretion
watery albuminous
_____ acini secrete mucous
Mucous
_____ acini are mucous acini with a group of serous cells in the form of a demilune
Mixed acini
Serous __ overlie the acinar cells under cover of a basement membrane in mixed acini
serous demilunes
The secretion of serous cells reach lumen of mixed acini via _____ btw mucous cells
intercellular canaliculi
Name the 3 acini secretory units in the salivary gland
- serous acini
- mucous acini
- mixed acini
The secretion of the acini is collected by a system of ____
ducts
____ ducts lie inside lobules and between acini
intralobular ducts
Intralobular ducts start as narrow ducts draining acini called ____ ducts (in salivary glands)
intercalated ducts
simple squamous
Intercalated ducts unit to form ___ ducts
Secretory striated ducts
simple cuboidal
______ ducts lie in CT trabeculae btw lobules . They are a union of several striated ducts
Interlobular ducts
simple columnar
______ ducts run btw lobes and result from union of several interlobular ducts
Interlobar ducts (psuedostratified)
____ ducts are a union of several interlobar ducts . They open into the oral cavity
main ducts
stratified squamous non keratinized
____ ducts open into the oral cavity
Main ducts
stratified squamous non keratinized
_______ cells help to squeeze secretions out of acini and propagation along the ducts
Myoepithelial or basket cells
__ glands have 100% serous acini and intercalated ducts are long
parotid glands
IN _____ glands the acini are 80% serous and 20% mucous and mixed . Intercalated ducts are short
submandibular ducts
____ glands have 99% acini mucous and mixed, serous acini are rare (1%). Intercalated ducts are absent
sublingual glands
mucous acini with a group of serous cells for a _____
demilunes
_____organ is a mixed exo-endocrine gland
Pancreas
The acini in the pancrease secrete ___
pancreatic juice
exocrine portion
The exocrine portion of the pancrease secretes ______ through the _____
pancreatic juice through the acini
The pancreas acini are 100% __
serous
In the pancreas the iintralobular ducts line their lunima as ______
centro-acinar cells
there are no _____ ducts in the pancreas, unlike in the oral cavity
striated ducts
The _____ duct opens into the duodemun and is limed by simple columnar with some goblet cells
main pancreatic duct
The main pancreatic duct is lined with ____ cells
simple columnar with some goblet cells
**______ is the endocrine portion of the pancreas
Islet of langerhans
Islet of langerhans are endo/exo crin?
endocrine
**“A” cells (Alpha cells) secrete _____ hormone
glucagon
“A” cells are a part of the exo/ end crine portion of the pancreas
endocrine
______ elevates blood glucose level .
It is secreted by ______ cells in the pancreas
glucagon
secreted by alpha cells
_____ forms 20% of the islet of langerhans
Alpha cells
_____ form about 75% of the islet of langerhan
Beta cells
_____ secrete hormone insulin which reduces blood glucose level
beta cells
What does insulin do?
reduce blood glucose levels
What does glucagon do?
elevate blood glucose level
The reserve cell for “A” and “B” cells
C cells
no granules
____ secrete the hormone somatostatin
D cells
______ causes inhibition of surrounding endocrine cells. Secreted by D cells
Somatostatin
Largest gland in the body
Liver
The liver is a mixed _________ gland
exo-endocrine gland
The exocrine secretion in the liver is ___
bile
The endocrine secretion in the liver is _____
plasma proteins
What passes through the portal hepatis
- portal vein
- Hepatic art.
- Hepatic ducts (bile ducts)
The opening in the liver
portal hepatis
The liver is covered by a capsule of CT under its visceral peritoneum called _____
glisson’s capsule
- capsule thickens around the portal hepatis
**_____ is the functional unit of the liver
hepatic lobules
_____ are in the center of the hepatic lobules
central venules
Hepatic art, bile duct, and portal vein make up the _____
portal triad
___ are the areas of CT containing the portal triad vessels
portal area
portal veins that are unaccompanied by branches of hepatic artery or bile duct are ______
sublobular central venules
The parenchyma of hepatic lobules is made up of : (3)
hepatocytes
bile canaliculi
hepatic sinusoids
______ drain all hepatic sinusoids
central venules
_____ are branching cords radiating from te central venule and separated by hepatic sinusoids
Liver cells or hepatocytes
Hepatic sinusoids are lined by phagocytic cells called_______
von kupffer cells
phagocytic cells in the liver
von kupffer cells
____ are the sites where bile secreted by liver cells is discharged
bile CANALiculi
_______ are ducts that bile canaliculi drain into
Herring’s ductules
Liver Sinusoids drain into ____
central venules
Central venules drain into ____
sublobular veins
Sublobular veins unite to form the ____ in the liver
Hepatic vein
____–> central venules –> sublobular vein –> ______
sinusoids
hepatic vein
Sinusoids –> _______ –> ______–> hepatic vein
central venules –> sublobular
2 fxn of the GB
- concentrated bile
2. stores bile
**The surface area of the GB mucosa is made of _______ cells
simple columnar
The musculosa of the GB is _____ muscle
smooth
_____ is the outer most fibrous layer of the GB
adventitia
Peritoneum is made of _____ cells called ___
simple squamous called mesothelium
What is mesothelium
simple squamous peritoneum cells
______ regulates the flow of bile into the intestine
Sphincter of Oddi
