histo breast Flashcards
acute mastitis pathogen
staph aureus
sx of acuter mastitis
in lactating women erythema of breast fever pain
histological appearance of breast tissue in mastitis
necrotic tissue infiltrated by neutrophils
tx of mastitis
abx express milk and surgical drainage
who gets periductal mastitis
non-lactating women who smoke
what is seen histologically in periductal mastitis
keratinising squamous epithilium extending into nipple orifice
who gets mammary duct ectasia
40-60yo multip
pathology of mammary duct ectasia
large duct dilation due to granulomatous inflammation
sx of mammary duct ectasia
poorly defined periareolar mass thick white nipple secretion
what is the pathology of fat necrosis of the breast
inflammatory reaction to damaged adipose tissue
causes of breast fat necrosis
trauma Rt surgery
what causes fibroadenosis/ fibrocystic change
exaggerated response to hormones
what is adenosis (breast)
increased number of acini/ lobule common in pregnancy
cystic changes and fibrosis in fibroadenosis
cysts form due to lobule dilation and fill with fluid they then rupture and are calcified (fibrosis)
gynacomastia definiton
unilateral or bilateral breast enlargment in men
histological appearance of gynacomastia
epithelial hyperplasia fingerlike projections into ducts
fibroadenoma
benign overgrown of collagenous mesenchyme
presentation of fibroadenoma
spherical painless mible rubbery mass
duct papilloma
benign tumour of breast duct
what does a duct papilloma cause
bloody discharge nmo lump
what is a radial scar
central scar surrounded by proliferating glandular breast tissue in a stellate papttern
RF for breast carcinoma
nulliparity OCP/ HRT smoking, obesity, tabacco, FH
when does breast screening occur
every 3 years from 47-73 mammography
what does mammography look for
calcifications or mass in the breast
what is breast carcinoma in situ
neoplastic epithelial proliferation limited to ducts or lobules by the basement membrane
what is the difference between LCIS and DCIS
DCIS presents with calcifications and LCIS doesn’t
LCIS (lobar carcinoma in situ-breast)
incidental biopsy findings no Ecadherin no microcalifications
what does breast DCIS put you at risk of
invasive breast ca
invasive breast carcinoma subtypes
mucinous tubuluar ductal lobular
invasive breast ca: mucinous
produce mucin which dissects into surrounding tissue
invasive breast ca: lobular
cellsin single file strands
invasive ca: tubular
well formed tubules with low grade nuclei <1cm
invasive ca: ductal
can’t be subclassified
what is the triple assessment
examination radiological exam FNA &cytology
when is an USS used in triple assessment
if the woman is<35yo if older USS+ mammography
what is checked for at biopsy in triple assessment
histological subtrype ER/PR receptor tubule formation mitotic activity nuclear pleomorphism
what receptor is associated with a good prognosis in breast ca
ER/PR
what receptor is asociated with poor prognosis is breast ca
HER2
what medications are used for HER2 breast ca
herceptin trastuzumab
how does tamoxifen work
mixed agonist/ antagonist of oestrogen at its receptor
what medication is used in breast ca to reduce oestrogen
anastrazole
what do basal; cell like breast ca stain positive for
CK5/6/14
where do phyllodes tumours originate from
interlobular stroma
what is seen on histology of phyllodes tumour
increased cellularity mitoses
do phyllodes tumours metastesis
no
are phyllodes tumours benign
usually
