bone Flashcards
osteosarcoma xray appearance
elevated periostium (codmans triangle) sunburst appearance
histology of osteosarcoma
ALP+Ve mesenchymal malignant cells
who gets osteosarcoma and where
young people often in the knee
Xray appearance of chondrosarcoma
lytic lesion with fluffy calcification
histology of chondrosarcoma
malignant chondrocytes
who gets chondrosarcoma and where
elderly in the femur/ pelvis
Ewings sarcoma xray appearance
onion skinning of periostium
genetic translocation in ewings sarcoma
t11:22
histology of ewings sarcoma
sheets of small round CD99+ve cells
who gets ewings and where
children in the long bones
giant cell bone tumour xray appearance
lytic lesions up to articular surface
histology of giant cell bone tumour
osteoclast type multinucleate giant cells on background of spindle/ ovoid cells
who gets giant cell bond tumour and where
middle aged woman and knee
osteoarthrituis
degeerative joint condition affecting hips, vertebrae and knee
when do you see bouchards and heberdens nodes
oseoarthritis
where do bouchards nodes affect
PIPJ
where do heberdens nodes affect
DIPJ
rheumatoid arthritis deformities
boutonniere swan neck Z thumb radial deviation of wrist ulnar deviation of fingers
what joint is spared in RA
DIPJ
biochemistry of osteoporosis
normal calcium, phosphate and AKP
histology of osteoporosis
loss of cancellous bone
diagnosis of osteopososis
DEXA scan: T score <2.5
RF/ causes of osteopososis
menopause advancing age low BMI drugs
dexa scan T score for osteopenia
1-2.5
symptoms of osteopososis
low impact fractures back pain
common fractures in osteoporosis
colles vertebral NOF
pathology of osteomalacia
defective bone mineralisation
histology of osteomalacia
excess osteoid (unmineralised bone)
biochemistry of osteomalacia
normal or low calcium low phosphate raised ALP
findings of osteomalacia on xray
Looser’s zones splaying of metaphysis
symptoms of osteomalacia in children
rachetic rosary bowing of legs frontal bossing pigeon chest delayed walking
symptoms of osteomalacia in adults
bone pain or tenderness proximal muscle weakness
causes or RF for osteomalacia
vit D deficiency: poor diet, lack of sunlight, malabsorption, CKD, liver disease
defect in primary hyperparathyroidism
overproduction of PTH hypercalcaemia
causes of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia or carcinoma MEN secondary to vit D malabsorption or secondary hyperparathyroidism