Histaminergic System + Antihistamines Flashcards
What are autacoids?
LOCAL HORMONES
Short acting endogenous mediators usually acting as part of an inflammatory response
What is histamine?
Endogenous substance synthesised, stored + released by professional histamine cells
What are the histamine cells?
Mast cells
Basophils
Some neurons in CNS + PNS
What histamine synthesised by?
Decarboxylation from histidine
Where is histamine stored?
In granules in mast cells, basophils + enterocytes
When is histamine released?
Response to certain stimuli
What is histamine eliminated by?
Oxidative deamination +/ transmethylation
How does the histamine process work?
L-amino acid transporter
Histidine converted to histamine
By histidine decarboxylase
Vesicular monoamine transporter
Histamine methyltransferase released
To form tele-methylhistamine
What are the histamine receptors?
H1 = allergy
H2 = acid reflux
H3 = CNS
H4 = inflammation + itch
Where are H1?
Smooth muscle
Endothelium
CNS
Where are H2?
Gastric parietal cell
Vascular smooth muscle cells
Basophils
Where are H3?
CNS cells
Peripheral NS
Where are H4?
Bone marrow
White blood cells
What do H1 do?
Bronchoconstriction
Vasodilation
Allergic rhinitis
Pain + itching
What do H2 do?
Gastric acid secretion
Vasodilation
Inhibition of IgE-dependent degranulation