Chemistry of Zinc Flashcards
What can the wrong metal associated with?
Numerous diseases
eg. Alzheimer’s
How do you calculate the highest oxidation state for transition metal?
Number of unpaired d-e- + 2 s-orbital e-
What is the 1st rule for oxidation states?
Free elements = 0
What is the 2nd rule for oxidation states?
Ions equal to charge on ion
eg. Fe3+ = +3
What is the 3rd rule for oxidation states?
Neutral compound = sum 0
What are the exceptions in electron configuration?
Cr = 3d5
Cu = 3d10
What are redox inert metals involved in?
Structural roles
Also, can act as Lewis acid catalysts
NOT involved in redox process
What do O, N + S?
Coordinate to metal ions
What is an example of a ligand that can bind in several orientations?
Carboxylates
= 2 oxygens that have different binding modes
What do ZnTs (transporters) do?
Decrease the cytosolic conc of zinc
What do ZnF (fingers) do?
Individual zinc finger domains occur at tandem repeats that compromise DNA-binding domain
= bind into grooves
= stabilise DNA
What do zinc fingers inhibitors do?
Make a molecule that binds to Zn
+ injects into it
= unfolds the protein
= NOT functional
What is NCp7?
A protein targeted by zinc ejectors
What does NCp7 facilitate?
Unwinding of tRNA
Acts as primer for reverse transcription
Helps integrate viral RNA
What are examples of zinc finger inhibitors?
Azodicarbonamide
C nitroso2
2,2’ - dithiobisbenzamide3
How do the zinc finger inhibitors work by?
Attack sulphur atoms of the zinc coordinated cysteine
What are zinc proteases?
Enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds
What are the different classes of proteolytic enzymes?
Serine
Cysteine
Aspartic
Metalloproteases
What are the different mechanisms of action for zinc proteases?
Endopeptidase
Exopeptidase (aminopeptidase)
Exopeptidase (carboxypeptidase)
What do all zinc proteases do?
Stabilise the formation of tetrahedral intermediate during catalysis
Describe the mechanism of zinc proteases
Protease forms covalent intermediate
Activated by water used to accomplish catalysis
