HIS - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we use angiograms?

A

Because generally you cnanot see blood vessels on an x ray they are not dense enough -

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2
Q

Describe the fluidity of blood

A

fluid is made up of

plasma: solution of proteins and salts
serum: clear fluid left after clotting (fibrinogen totally removed)

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3
Q

What is hemophelia?

A

the inability to clot properly

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4
Q

Which protein is responsible for maintaing the osmotic pressure of the blood?

A

albumin

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5
Q

what is haemopoiesis?

A

the production of blood

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6
Q

Where does haemopoiesis occur as the body develops?

A

early embryo= yolk sac

6 wks after conception= liver

8 wks after conception til 2wks after birth = spleen

10 wks bone marrow (all bones at birth)

adult = vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, sacrum, pelvis, proximal part of femur

*in the case of disease, your body may move haemopoiesis to other areas of the body*

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7
Q

What are we looking at? What is the large cell in purple?

A

We’re looking at haemopoietic tissue in bone marrow - the red cells without a nucleus are the mature form. the big purple cell is a megacardiocyte with a big nucleus in the middle - only found in the marrow (the edge of this will break off and form platelets)

*the medium sized purple circles are immature white blood cells

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8
Q

how many RBC and platelets are produced per day?

A

2.5 billion of both

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9
Q

how many ganulocytes and WBC are produced each day?

A

1 billion for each

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10
Q

What does a Megakaryocyte give rise to?

A

It produces platelets

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11
Q

What can a multipotent lymphoid progenitor cell give rise to?

A

T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

Natural Killer Cells

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12
Q

What can a multipotenet myeloerythroid progenitor cell give rise to?

A

myeloid progenitor cell (makes all the general immune cells)

erythroid progenitor cell (makes RBCs)

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13
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs? What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Primary

Bone marrow

Thymus

Secondary

lymph nodes

spleen

MALT

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14
Q

What is the Thymus gland responsible for?

A

IT is the site of maturation of T cells of the immune system

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15
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

What is pictured here? What are the arrows pointing to?

A

We’re looking at a corpuscle - the T cells that are destroyed by the epithelial cells form these corpuscles in the middle of the gland as they decompose

dark purple circles = lymphocytes

small light purple circles = epithelioreticular cells

light space in the middle of the big circle = Thymic corpuscle

17
Q

Where do superficial lymphatics drain? Where do deep lymphatics drain?

A

generally superficial drain with veins

deep drain with arteries

18
Q

What are the 3 zones of Lymph nodes?

A

paracortical outside = T cells

Cortex = B cells (follicles)

Medulla = plasma cells

19
Q

What is the immune function of the red pulp and white pulp in the spleen?

A

red pulp = breaks down old red blood cells

White pulp = contains WBC which identify foreign invaders and removes them.

*this is why you’re more prone to infection if you have a spleen removed*