HIS - Anatomy Flashcards
Why do we use angiograms?
Because generally you cnanot see blood vessels on an x ray they are not dense enough -
Describe the fluidity of blood
fluid is made up of
plasma: solution of proteins and salts
serum: clear fluid left after clotting (fibrinogen totally removed)
What is hemophelia?
the inability to clot properly
Which protein is responsible for maintaing the osmotic pressure of the blood?
albumin
what is haemopoiesis?
the production of blood
Where does haemopoiesis occur as the body develops?
early embryo= yolk sac
6 wks after conception= liver
8 wks after conception til 2wks after birth = spleen
10 wks bone marrow (all bones at birth)
adult = vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, sacrum, pelvis, proximal part of femur
*in the case of disease, your body may move haemopoiesis to other areas of the body*
What are we looking at? What is the large cell in purple?
We’re looking at haemopoietic tissue in bone marrow - the red cells without a nucleus are the mature form. the big purple cell is a megacardiocyte with a big nucleus in the middle - only found in the marrow (the edge of this will break off and form platelets)
*the medium sized purple circles are immature white blood cells
how many RBC and platelets are produced per day?
2.5 billion of both
how many ganulocytes and WBC are produced each day?
1 billion for each
What does a Megakaryocyte give rise to?
It produces platelets
What can a multipotent lymphoid progenitor cell give rise to?
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Natural Killer Cells
What can a multipotenet myeloerythroid progenitor cell give rise to?
myeloid progenitor cell (makes all the general immune cells)
erythroid progenitor cell (makes RBCs)
What are the primary lymphoid organs? What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
Primary
Bone marrow
Thymus
Secondary
lymph nodes
spleen
MALT
What is the Thymus gland responsible for?
IT is the site of maturation of T cells of the immune system
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
What is pictured here? What are the arrows pointing to?
We’re looking at a corpuscle - the T cells that are destroyed by the epithelial cells form these corpuscles in the middle of the gland as they decompose
dark purple circles = lymphocytes
small light purple circles = epithelioreticular cells
light space in the middle of the big circle = Thymic corpuscle
Where do superficial lymphatics drain? Where do deep lymphatics drain?
generally superficial drain with veins
deep drain with arteries
What are the 3 zones of Lymph nodes?
paracortical outside = T cells
Cortex = B cells (follicles)
Medulla = plasma cells
What is the immune function of the red pulp and white pulp in the spleen?
red pulp = breaks down old red blood cells
White pulp = contains WBC which identify foreign invaders and removes them.
*this is why you’re more prone to infection if you have a spleen removed*
