Hip fracture

Question 1

what gender is more affected by hip fractures ?

Answer 1

females

Question 2

what is the biggest risk factor for hip fractures ?

Answer 2

osteoporosis

Question 3

what are risk factors for osteoporosis ? SHATTERED

Answer 3

steroids 
hyperthyroidism 
alcohol 
thin 
testosterone low 
early menopause 
renal/liver failure 
erosive bone disease 
dietary Ca low

Question 4

on examination what does a hip fracture look like?

Answer 4

shortened and externally rotated

Question 5

what vessels supply the femoral head ?

Answer 5

Retinacular vessels

Question 6

what is the classification called for intracapsular hip fractures ?

Answer 6

garden

Question 7

state garden classification

Answer 7

1. Incomplete #, undisplaced
2. Complete #, undisplaced
3. Complete #, partially displaced
4. Complete #, completely displaced

Question 8

how are garden classification 1/2 treated ?

Answer 8

ORIF with cancellous screws

Question 9

what does ORIF stand for ?

Answer 9

open reduction internal fixation

Question 10

how are garden classification 3/4 treated ?

Answer 10

<55: ORIF ̄c screws.
 do arthroplasty if AVN
develops (in 30%)

 55-75: total hip replacement

 >75: hemiarthroplasty
 Mobilises: cemented Thompson’s
 Non-mobiliser: uncemented Austin Moore

Question 11

how are extra capsular fractures treated?

Answer 11

ORIF with DHS (dynamic hip screw)

Question 12

state 4 complications of hip fractures ?

Answer 12

AVN of fem head in displaced #s (30%)

 Non / mal-union (10-30%)

 Infection

 Osteoarthritis

Question 13

what is the mortality of hip fractures at 1 yr?

Answer 13

30%