Fracture Physiology

Question 1

what is the matrix made up of?

Answer 1

40% organic - collagen type 1

60% inorganic - calcium hydroxyapatite

Question 2

what are the two types of lamellar bone?

Answer 2

cortical

cancellous (trabecular)

Question 3

what are the two ways in which bone forms?

Answer 3

intramembraneous ossification

endochondral ossification

Question 4

what bones are made form intramembraneous ?

Answer 4

flat irregular bones

- skull bones, mandible, clavicle

Question 5

what bones are made form endochondral ?

Answer 5

long bones

Question 6

what are the three classifications of bone fractures ?

Answer 6

traumatic

stress (repetitive strain)

pathological (tumours, osteoporosis, pagets, cushings)

Question 7

how do you describe a fracture ?

Answer 7

Pattern
 Transverse
 Oblique
 Spiral
 Multifragmentary

Anatomical Location

Intra- / extra-articular
 Crush
 Greenstick  Avulsion
 Dislocation or subluxation

Deformity (distal relative to proximal) 
 Translation
 Angulation or tilt
 Rotation
 Impaction (→shortening)

Question 8

what does it mean that radiographs have to be orthogonal ?

Answer 8

lateral and AP films must be requested

need images above and below the joint