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Y4 Ortho > Bone Tumours > Flashcards

Bone Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

what are the commonest bone tumours ?

A

bony metastasis

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2
Q

from what primary cancers can spread to the bone ?

A 
breast 
prostate 
bronchus 
thyroid 
kidney
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3
Q

bony mets can present in what ways?

A

pain

pathological fracture

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4
Q

how is bony mets pain treated ?

A

RT

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5
Q

how is a pathological fracture treated ?

A

internal fixation

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6
Q

are bony mets white or radiolucent on X-rays ?

A

radiolucent

- clear on x rays

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7
Q

what bony met cancer isn’t radiolucent on X-rays ?

A

prostate cancer

- sclerotic tumour

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8
Q

state the 4 non neoplastic conditions ?

A

fibrous dysplasia

simple bone cyst

aneurysmal bone cysts

fibrous cortical defect and non ossifying fibroma

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9
Q

what is fibrous dysplasia ?

A

uncommon bone disorder in which scar-like (fibrous) tissue develops in place of normal bone. This irregular tissue can weaken the affected bone and cause it to deform or fracture

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10
Q

what gender is more affected by fibrous dysplasia?

A

females

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11
Q

where does fibrous dysplasia occur?

A

long bones, ribs, skull

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12
Q

what does fibrous dysplasia look like on X-rays

A

ground glass lytic lesion

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13
Q

what is McCune albrights disease ?

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia - Precocious puberty (females) - Café-au-lait spots

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14
Q

what is Precocious puberty?

A

child’s body begins changing into that of an adult (puberty) too soon.

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15
Q

is fibrous dysplasia usually monocytic or polycytic?

A

monocytic

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16
Q

what ages does fibrous dysplasia affect?

A

<30yrs

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17
Q

what age does simple bone cysts affect?

A

<20yrs

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18
Q

what does a simple bone cyst look liken X-ray ?

A

Well-defined lytic lesion

Cortex can fall into cyst → “fallen fragment”

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19
Q

are aneurysmal bone cysts painful?

A

yes

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20
Q

what does MRI show for aneurysmal bone cysts?

A

multiple fluid levels in side cyst

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21
Q

is Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma painful?

A

no

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22
Q

what age does Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma affect?

A

children

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23
Q

where does Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma occur ?

A

distal femur

proximal tibia

24
Q

state three benign cartilaginous neoplasms ?

A

osteochondroma
chondromas
chondroblastoma

25
Q

are benign cartilaginous neoplasms a disease of the old?

A

no

- occurs in the young

26
Q

what gender is more effected by benign cartilaginous neoplasms ?

A

males

27
Q

where does osteochondroma occur ?

A

knee

28
Q

where do chondromas occur in the body ?

A

hands and feet

29
Q

what is Ollier Disease?

A

multiple enchondromas

30
Q

state the one malignant cartilaginous neoplasm

A

chondrosarcoma

31
Q

what age is affected by chondrosarcoma ?

A

> 40

32
Q

does chondrosarcoma present with pain ?

A

yes

33
Q

where does chondrosarcoma commonly affect ?

A

pelvis

axial skeleton

34
Q

what does chondrosarcoma look like on Xray ?

A

Lytic lesion

Fluffy “popcorn calcification”

35
Q

what % of people with chondrosarcoma survive for 5Yrs?

A

70%

36
Q

state 4 Benign Bone-forming Neoplasms?

A

osteoma
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma)

37
Q

what gender is most effected by osteoid osteoma?

A

males

38
Q

what age is affected by osteoid osteoma?

A

teens and 20s

39
Q

does osteoid osteoma present with pain ?

A

Severe nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin

40
Q

where does osteoma affect ?

A

skull

facial bones

41
Q

what does osteoid osteoma look like on Xray

A

Lytic lesion ̄c central nidus and sclerotic rim

42
Q

does osteoblastoma present with pain ?

A

yes and can’t be relieved by aspirin

43
Q

where does osteblastoma affect?

A

spine

44
Q

what gender is more affected by osteoclastoma ?

A

females

45
Q

what does osteoclastoma look like on X-ray?

A

Soap bubble appearance

Solitary, expansile, lytic lesion

46
Q

state two malignant bone forming neoplasms?

A

osteosarcoma

ewings sarcoma

47
Q

what gender is more affected by osteosarcoma ?

A

males

48
Q

what is the commonest primary bone tumour ?

A

osteosarcoma

49
Q

where does osteosarcoma affect?

A

knee

50
Q

what is the presentation of osteosarcoma

A

pain, warm, bruit

51
Q

what age is affected by osteosarcoma

A

adolescents

52
Q

what does the X-ray of osteosarcoma look like ?

A

Periosteal Elevation:

- Sunburst appearance - Codman’s triangle

53
Q

what age is affected by Ewing’s Sarcoma?

A

<20yrs

54
Q

does Ewing’s Sarcoma make the patient systemically unwell?

A

yes

  • fever, increased ESR/WCC and anaemia
55
Q

what is the presentation of Ewing’s Sarcoma?

A

painful, warm, enlarging mass

56
Q

where does Ewing’s Sarcoma affect ?

A

lone bone diaphysis

Y4 Ortho (16 decks)

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