Bone Tumours Flashcards
what are the commonest bone tumours ?
bony metastasis
from what primary cancers can spread to the bone ?
breast prostate bronchus thyroid kidney
bony mets can present in what ways?
pain
pathological fracture
how is bony mets pain treated ?
RT
how is a pathological fracture treated ?
internal fixation
are bony mets white or radiolucent on X-rays ?
radiolucent
- clear on x rays
what bony met cancer isn’t radiolucent on X-rays ?
prostate cancer
- sclerotic tumour
state the 4 non neoplastic conditions ?
fibrous dysplasia
simple bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cysts
fibrous cortical defect and non ossifying fibroma
what is fibrous dysplasia ?
uncommon bone disorder in which scar-like (fibrous) tissue develops in place of normal bone. This irregular tissue can weaken the affected bone and cause it to deform or fracture
what gender is more affected by fibrous dysplasia?
females
where does fibrous dysplasia occur?
long bones, ribs, skull
what does fibrous dysplasia look like on X-rays
ground glass lytic lesion
what is McCune albrights disease ?
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia - Precocious puberty (females) - Café-au-lait spots
what is Precocious puberty?
child’s body begins changing into that of an adult (puberty) too soon.
is fibrous dysplasia usually monocytic or polycytic?
monocytic
what ages does fibrous dysplasia affect?
<30yrs
what age does simple bone cysts affect?
<20yrs
what does a simple bone cyst look liken X-ray ?
Well-defined lytic lesion
Cortex can fall into cyst → “fallen fragment”
are aneurysmal bone cysts painful?
yes
what does MRI show for aneurysmal bone cysts?
multiple fluid levels in side cyst
is Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma painful?
no
what age does Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma affect?
children
where does Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma occur ?
distal femur
proximal tibia
state three benign cartilaginous neoplasms ?
osteochondroma
chondromas
chondroblastoma
are benign cartilaginous neoplasms a disease of the old?
no
- occurs in the young
what gender is more effected by benign cartilaginous neoplasms ?
males
where does osteochondroma occur ?
knee
where do chondromas occur in the body ?
hands and feet
what is Ollier Disease?
multiple enchondromas
state the one malignant cartilaginous neoplasm
chondrosarcoma
what age is affected by chondrosarcoma ?
> 40
does chondrosarcoma present with pain ?
yes
where does chondrosarcoma commonly affect ?
pelvis
axial skeleton
what does chondrosarcoma look like on Xray ?
Lytic lesion
Fluffy “popcorn calcification”
what % of people with chondrosarcoma survive for 5Yrs?
70%
state 4 Benign Bone-forming Neoplasms?
osteoma
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma)
what gender is most effected by osteoid osteoma?
males
what age is affected by osteoid osteoma?
teens and 20s
does osteoid osteoma present with pain ?
Severe nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin
where does osteoma affect ?
skull
facial bones
what does osteoid osteoma look like on Xray
Lytic lesion ̄c central nidus and sclerotic rim
does osteoblastoma present with pain ?
yes and can’t be relieved by aspirin
where does osteblastoma affect?
spine
what gender is more affected by osteoclastoma ?
females
what does osteoclastoma look like on X-ray?
Soap bubble appearance
Solitary, expansile, lytic lesion
state two malignant bone forming neoplasms?
osteosarcoma
ewings sarcoma
what gender is more affected by osteosarcoma ?
males
what is the commonest primary bone tumour ?
osteosarcoma
where does osteosarcoma affect?
knee
what is the presentation of osteosarcoma
pain, warm, bruit
what age is affected by osteosarcoma
adolescents
what does the X-ray of osteosarcoma look like ?
Periosteal Elevation:
- Sunburst appearance - Codman’s triangle
what age is affected by Ewing’s Sarcoma?
<20yrs
does Ewing’s Sarcoma make the patient systemically unwell?
yes
- fever, increased ESR/WCC and anaemia
what is the presentation of Ewing’s Sarcoma?
painful, warm, enlarging mass
where does Ewing’s Sarcoma affect ?
lone bone diaphysis
