Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ortho > Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

how to test hip flexor muscles

A

pt seated, hip flexed upward with resistance applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how to test hip extensor

A

pt prone
knee flexed 90 degrees
resit hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to test hip abductor

A

pt on unaffected side, abduct against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how to test hip adductors

A

pt supine

adduct against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does trendelenburg test evauluate?

A

hip abductor strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

someone with a positive trendelenburg sign; if pelvis is dropping to the left what hip abductor is weak?

A

right hip abductor (opposite side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the FABER test

A

Flexion-abduction-external rotation

perform on affected side

if painful, indicates hip of SI involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the scouring test assess

what are you doing

A

hip labrum

passively flex, adduct and internally rotate the affected hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

someone with a hip stain/pain - where is there pain and tenderness

they will have difficulty doing what

A

quads

AIIS

ASIS

  • difficulty walking, running and with stairs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for hip strains/pain

A
  • RICE
  • NSAIDs
  • limit physical activity for 10-14 days
  • X rays: look for alvusion fx (younger)
  • PT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sx of trochanteric bursitis

A

FOCAL tenderness over greater trochanter

pain may spread down thigh and across hip

exacerbated by pressure, prolonged sitting or walking, stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

risk factors for trochanteric bursitis

A
  • female
  • overuse injury
  • bone spurs, RA
  • previous surgery
  • injury to the area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trochanteric bursitis treatment

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Ice
  • rest
  • PT
  • corticosteroid injection
  • bursa padding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in a hip dislocation the head of the femur is displaced from what?

A

acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most common type of hip dislocation - how does it present

A

posterior - femur is displaced posteriorly

knee is flexed, limb is shortened and adducted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what may happen in relation to the nerves with a posterior hip dislocation

A

sciatic nerve palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how would an anterior hip dislocation present

A

hip in mild flexion

limb abducted and external rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what nerve injury in possible with anterior hip dislocation

are nerve injuries more common with anterior or posterior hip dislocation

A

femoral nerve injury

nerve injuries are less common in anterior hip dislocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what imaging would you order for a hip dislocation

A

X-rays of pelvis AP view, lateral view of femur and head

CT to further evaluate fractures (fx of acetabulum = common)

post-reduction views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acute traumatic hip dislocations are emergencies and need prompt reduction to reduce incidence of what?

A

osteonecrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hip dislocation: Reduction can be done under ____ sedation or in the ___

A
  1. conscious

2. OR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what needs to be assessed after reduction of a hip dislocation

A

nerve and vascular status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Recovery process for hip disolocation

A
  • crutches to WBAT
  • crutches 2-4 weeks then transition to cane
  • PT to work on strength and ROM
  • Can take several months to fully recover
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what nerve is most commonly affect with hip dislocations

A

sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
proximal femur fractures (femoral neck, intertrochanteric) occur most often in who
>60 white women (2x more likely than other ethnicities)
26
Hip fractures have groin pain that may refer to the ___
knee
27
in a hip fracture how will the affected limb present
shortened and externally rotated
28
what imaging would you order for a hip fracture
X rays: AP pelvis and lateral view Consider CT or MRI if xray is negative
29
Tx of hip fracture
- surgery (nonsurgical risk = high) | - screw, plate, nail, arthroplasty
30
in AVN as time passes what happens to the bone and articular cartilage
bone destruction articular cartilage collapse
31
presentation of AVN
- M > F | - gradual onset of dull ache or pain in hip, groin, or BUTTOCKS
32
Risk factors of AVN
- male - injury: damage to blood vessels - alcoholism - long-term steroid use - smoking - CD, sickle cell, SLE, RA, scuba diving (the bends), chronic pancreatitis
33
what imaging would you order for AVN
AP pelvis frog-lateral
34
what would you expect to see in x rays of AVN
Crescent sign - sclerotic area beneath the articular surface (initially may be normal) femoral head flattens
35
AVN treatment
meds, crutches surgical (most successful) - w/o femoral head collapse: core decompression, vascularized fibular graft - femoral head collapse: total hip arthroplasty
36
Disorder affecting ADOLESCENTS where the upper part of femur displaces from the capital femoral epiphysis - usually occuring during a period of rapid growth - slip occurs through the physis - slow process - bilateral in 40-50%
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
37
Risk factors for SCFE
MALES > F (aged 13-15) females aged 11-13 HEAVYSET african american
38
presentation of SCFE
- pain - limp - possibly unable to bear weight on affected side - LE externally rotated - Lose hip internal rotation - shortened limb - pain at extremes of motion - guarding
39
imaging for SCFE
AP pelvis and frog-lateral xrays --> Klein line may need MRI
40
classifcations based on degree of displacement of SCFE? Mild: Moderate: Severe:
Mild: <30 degree Moderate: 30-50 Severe >50
41
Tx of SCFE
surgical - stabilize with screws to close the physis crutches for TTWB x 6 weeks normal activities at 6-9 mo. f/u and monitor other hip
42
normal flexion of knee (degrees0?
0-135
43
how would you test the tendons of the knee
straight leg raise
44
what does the Mcmurry test evaluate?
Meniscus
45
how do you evaluate the medial and lateral meniscus in the mcmurry test
medial: flex knee and externally rotate the foot; then extend the knee lateral: flex knee, internally rotate the foot; extend knee
46
Valgus force is applied to extended knee to assess ___
MCL
47
varus force is applied to extended knee to assess ___
LCL
48
What does the lachman test assess
ACL
49
what are you looking for when doing the lachman test
ACL - look for translation and end point
50
what does the anterior/posterior drawer assess
ACL and PCL
51
what type of injury would cause a meniscal tear
twisting
52
history of meniscal tear
- able to ambulate - swelling and stiffness occurs in days following the tear - may experience locking or catching - pain to medial or lateral aspects that is increased with bending or twisting
53
what would you observe in a PE of a meniscal tear
- pain over medial or lateral joint lines - effusion - pain with full extension or flexion - limited ROM - positive mcmurray test
54
what imaging would you order for a meniscal tear
X-ray: AP, lateral, sunrise MRI
55
TX for meniscal tears
- Locked knee --> prompt surgical intervention - RICE - NSAIDs, tylenol, narcotics - Restrict, modify activity - PT - younger patients = arthroscopy - older pts = corticoid steroid injection or arthroscopy
56
the MCL stabilizes the knee against what kind of stresses?
valgus stresses
57
the LCL stabilizes the knee against what kind of stresses?
varus stresses
58
ACL prevents the _1_ from sliding out in front of the _2_ and provides _3_ stability
1. tibia 2. femur 3. rotational
59
what ligament prevents the tibia from sliding behind the femur
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
60
is the MCL or LCL more commonly injured
MCL - blow to lateral aspect of the knee
61
what test would you perform to asses the collateral ligaments
varus/valgus test: pain? opening?
62
Tx for MCL/LCL injury
RICE NSAIDs Brace PT surgical not often performed for MCL LCL surgery depends on the tear itself and other injuries
63
imaging for MCL injury
X rays and/or MRI
64
what else can occur with MCL injury
ACL injury
65
in collateral ligament injuries, if the ___ is injured then other structures are likely involved as well
LCL (smaller and thicker than MCL)
66
imaging for LCL
X-ray and MRI
67
MOI for ACL
- sudden deceleration and change in direction or pivoting motion that causes rotation and lateral bending direct blow to the knee causing hyperextension and valgus motion can occur during MVC
68
presentation of ACL injury
may have hear "pop" swelling and effusion difficult with ROM and weight bearing laxity on Lachman's or AP drawer (within 24 hours) knee feels unstable and "gives out"
69
imaging of choice for ACL injury
MRI
70
Tx for ACL injury
RICE, crutches, NSAIDs operative and non-operative tx --> if surgical intervention is not selected then PT is necessary after surgery return to normal activity in 6-12 months
71
what is the least common ligament injury
PCL
72
MOI for PCL
substantial force required - fall onto bent knee - MVC
73
PCL tx
often heals w/o intervention
74
overuse injury in children due to repetitive stress quads pull on the tendons and thus the growth plate of the tibial tubercle
osgood-schlatter disease
75
when in development would someone develop osgood-schlatter disease
period of rapid growth
76
type of knee pain and presentation in osgood-schlatter dx
FOCAL knee pain possible deformity inflammatory
77
tx for osgood-schlatter
limit exercise NSAIDs ice stretching
78
most common cause of knee pain - "runners knee" or "jumper's knee" anterior knee pain diagnosis of exclusion
patellofemoral syndrome
79
is patellofemoral knee syndrom more common in males or females
females
80
causes of patellafemoral syndrome
overuse - most common; assoc with periods of increased physical activity, normal imaging patellar misalignment: unbalance in forces - leg length, muscle tightness, muscle weakness and imbalance, hip weakness
81
Tx of petellofemoral syndrome
alleviate pain PT - stretching, hip and thigh muscle strengthening orthotics gradual return to activity no improvement in 6 mo. --> MRI
82
what can an US show you in the hip
tendons (tendonitis) bursitis labrum injuries
83
what can US show you in the knee
tendons ligaments popliteal cyst bursitis
84
where could you put a corticosteroid injection
joint tendon sheath bursa

Ortho (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions